alacer
Latin
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Somewhat uncertain. The masculine nominative singular form is derived by syncope from alacris which probably developed by dissimilation from pre-Latin *alaklis,[1][2] with the ending ultimately going back to *-tlis, from *-tl-, a variant of the zero-grade of the agent suffix *-tḗr. Compare volucer and volucris. However, De Vaan regards the origin of the *-kris ending as uncertain.[3] The *ala- portion is seemingly from a root of the form *h₂elH-.[2][3][4] De Vaan and Schrijver consider ambulō (“to traverse, walk”) a potential but not certain cognate, and reconstruct the common root (if the relationship is valid) as Proto-Indo-European *h₂elh₂- (“to wander, roam”), cognate with Ancient Greek ἀλάομαι (aláomai, “roam”).[3][4] The same root may alternatively be reconstructed as Proto-Indo-European *h₂el-. Another possible cognate is Ancient Greek ἐλαύνω (elaúnō, “to drive”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁elh₂- (“to drive”). Another theory connects the word to Proto-Germanic *aljaną (“vigor, strength”), whence English ellen.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): [ˈa.ɫa.kɛr]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): [ˈaː.la.t͡ʃer]
Adjective
[edit]alacer (feminine alacris, neuter alacre, comparative magis alacer or alacrior, superlative maximē alacer or summē alacer or alacerrimus or alacrissimus, adverb alacriter); third-declension three-termination adjective
Usage notes
[edit]- Traditionally considered to have no morphological superlative in classical Latin, though it is widely attested post-classically.
Declension
[edit]Third-declension three-termination adjective or third-declension two-termination adjective.
| singular | plural | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | neuter | masculine | feminine | neuter | ||
| nominative | alacer alacris |
alacris | alacre | alacrēs | alacria | ||
| genitive | alacris | alacrium | |||||
| dative | alacrī | alacribus | |||||
| accusative | alacrem | alacre | alacrīs alacrēs |
alacria | |||
| ablative | alacrī | alacribus | |||||
| vocative | alacer alacris |
alacris | alacre | alacrēs | alacria | ||
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Ranjan Sen (2015), Syllable and Segment in Latin, Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 107
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Weiss, Michael L. (2009), Outline of the Historical and Comparative Grammar of Latin[1], Ann Arbor: Beech Stave Press, →ISBN, page 318
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “alacer”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 32
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Schrijver, Peter C. H. (1991), The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Latin (Leiden studies in Indo-European; 2), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 40
Further reading
[edit]- “alacer”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “alacer”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “alacer”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
- Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book[2], London: Macmillan and Co.
- to show a brisk and cheerful spirit: alacri et erecto animo esse
- to show a brisk and cheerful spirit: alacri et erecto animo esse
- Latin terms with unknown etymologies
- Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Latin 3-syllable words
- Latin terms with IPA pronunciation
- Latin lemmas
- Latin adjectives
- Latin third declension adjectives
- Latin third declension adjectives of three terminations
- Latin words in Meissner and Auden's phrasebook
- la:Emotions