fortis

See also: Fortis

English

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin fortis (“brave”). Doublet of fort and forte.

Pronunciation

• enPR: fôr'tĭs, IPA^(key): /ˈfɔɹtɪs/

Adjective

fortis (not comparable)

1. (phonetics) Strongly articulated (of a consonant), hence voiceless.

   Synonym: tense

   Antonym: lenis

   • 2004, Stephan Gramley, Michael Pätzold, A Survey of Modern English, Routledge (→ISBN), page 80:

     All vowels, whether short or complex, are relatively shorter when followed by a fortis consonant and relatively longer when followed by a lenis one or, for those where this is possible, when no consonant follows (in free or unchecked syllables).

Noun

fortis (plural fortes)

1. (phonetics) A fortis consonant.

---

Latin

Etymology 1

From Old Latin forctis, fortis, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerǵʰ- (“to rise, high, hill”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬠𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬰𐬀𐬧𐬝‎ (bərəzaṇt̰), Sanskrit बर्हयति (barhayati, “to invigorate”) and Old English burg (English borough).

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈfor.tis/, [ˈfɔr.t̪ɪs]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈfor.tis/, [ˈfɔr.t̪is]

• Audio (Classical)

  (file)

Adjective

fortis (neuter forte, comparative fortior, superlative fortissimus, adverb fortiter); third-declension two-termination adjective

1. (physically) strong, powerful
2. (figuratively), (mentally) firm, resolute, steadfast, stout
3. (figuratively), (answering to the Greek ἀνδρεῖος) courageous, brave; manly, mannish

Declension

Third-declension two-termination adjective.

Number	Singular			Plural
Case / Gender	Masc./Fem.	Neuter		Masc./Fem.	Neuter
Nominative	fortis	forte		fortēs	fortia
Genitive	fortis			fortium
Dative	fortī			fortibus
Accusative	fortem	forte		fortēs fortīs	fortia
Ablative	fortī			fortibus
Vocative	fortis	forte		fortēs	fortia

Derived terms

• ā fortiōrī
• forticulus
• fortificātiō
• fortificō
• fortiter
• fortitūdō

 

Borrowed terms

• → Albanian: fortë
• → Basque: bortitz
• → English: fortis

Descendants

• Aragonese: fuerte
• Asturian: fuerte
• Catalan: fort
• Dalmatian: fuart
• French: fort
  • → English: fort
• Friulian: fuart

• Galician: forte
• Italian: forte
• Occitan: fòrt
• Portuguese: forte
  • → English: forte
• Romanian: foarte
• Sardinian: folte, forte, forti
• Sicilian: forti
• Spanish: fuerte

Etymology 2

From fors.

Noun

fortis

1. genitive singular of fors

References

• fortis in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• fortis in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• fortis in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition, 1883–1887)
• fortis in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire Illustré Latin-Français, Hachette
• Carl Meissner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • be brave: fortem te praebe
    
  • (ambiguous) quite accidentally, fortuitously: temere et fortuito; forte (et) temere
    
  • (ambiguous) to be brave by nature: animo forti esse
    
  • (ambiguous) personally brave: manu fortis
    

---

Old Latin

Alternative forms

• forctis
• forctus

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰerǵʰ- (“to rise, high, hill”).

Adjective

fortis

1. strong

Declension

This adjective needs an inflection-table template.

Descendants

• Latin: fortis