miser

See also: Miser and misër

English

Etymology

From Late Latin miser (“wretched, unfortunate, unhappy, miserable, sick, ill, bad, worthless, etc.”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈmaɪzə(ɹ)/
• :Rhymes: -aɪzə(ɹ)

Noun

miser (plural misers)

1. (derogatory) A person who hoards money rather than spending it; one who is cheap or extremely parsimonious.

   Ebenezer Scrooge was a stereotypical miser: he spent nothing he could save, neither giving to charity nor enjoying his wealth.

2. A kind of earth auger, typically large-bored and often hand-operated.

Synonyms

• See Thesaurus:miser

Antonyms

• spendthrift

Derived terms

• miserly

Related terms

• miserable
• misery

Translations

skinflint or scrooge

• Arabic: بَخِيل‎ m (baḵīl), بَخِيلَة‎ f (baḵīla)
• Armenian: ժլատ (hy) (žlat), կծծի (hy) (kcci), գծուծ (hy) (gcuc), քցիպ (kʿcʿip)
• Bulgarian: скъперник (bg) m (skǎpernik)
• Catalan: avar (ca) m
• Chinese:

  Cantonese: 孤寒鬼 (gu¹ hon⁴ gwai²)

  Mandarin: 吝嗇鬼 (zh), 吝啬鬼 (zh) (lìnsèguǐ), 守財奴 (zh), 守财奴 (zh) (shǒucáinú)

  Min Nan: 凍霜鬼, 冻霜鬼 (tàng-sng-kúi)

• Czech: lakomec (cs) m
• Danish: gnier c
• Dutch: gierigaard (nl) m, vrek (nl) m, krent (nl) f
• Esperanto: avarulo, avarulino
• Finnish: saituri (fi), kitupiikki (fi)
• French: avare (fr) m
• Georgian: ძუნწი (ʒunc̣i)
• German: Geizhals (de) m, Geizkragen (de) m, Geiziger m, Geizige f, Pfennigfuchser (de) m, Pfennigfuchserin (de) f, Pfennigklauber m, Pfennigklauberin f, Rappenspalter m (Swiss German), Rappenspalterin f, Knauser m, Knauserin f
• Greek: τσιγγούνης, φιλάργυρος (tsingoúnis, filárgyros)

  Ancient: θρῑ́ψ m (thrī́ps)

• Hebrew: קמצן‎ (he) m (qamtsan)
• Hindi: कंजूस (hi) (kañjūs)
• Icelandic: nirfill (is) m
• Italian: avaro (it) m, avara (it) f

• Japanese: 守銭奴 (ja) (しゅせんど, shusendo), ケチ (ja) (kechi)
• Latin: avarus m, avara f
• Low German:

  German Low German: Pennschieter m, Pennschieterin f, Pennschietersch f, Pennschietersche f, Giezknuppen m

• Macedonian: циција (cicija), скржавец m (skržavec)
• Maori: kaikoropeke
• Norman: agravé m, avare m, rapinneux m
• Norwegian: gjerrigknark (no) m
• Persian: خسیس‎ (fa) (xasis)
• Polish: sknera (pl) m, skąpiec (pl) m, dusigrosz (pl) m
• Portuguese: avarento (pt) m, avarenta (pt) f, mão-de-vaca (pt)
• Romanian: zgârcit (ro)
• Russian: скря́га (ru) m or f (skrjága), жа́дина (ru) m or f (žádina), скупе́ц (ru) m (skupéc), скупердя́й (ru) m (skuperdjáj), курку́ль (ru) m (kurkúlʹ), жмот (ru) m (žmot)
• Spanish: tacaño (es) f, rata (es) m or f, pesetero (es) m, agarrado (es) m (colloquial), roñoso (es) m (colloquial), codo (es) m (coloquial, Mexico)
• Swahili: mbahili
• Swedish: gnidare (sv) c, girigbuk (sv) c
• Telugu: లోభి (te) (lōbhi), పిసినారి (te) (pisināri), పీనాసి (te) (pīnāsi), పీనాశి (pīnāśi)
• Turkish: cimri (tr), pinti (tr), hasis (tr)
• Urdu: چنڈال‎ m
• Volapük: (♂♀) lavaran (vo), (♂) hilavaran, (♀) jilavaran
• Yiddish: קמצן‎ (kamtsn), סקנער‎ m (skner), סקנערוק‎ m (skneruk)

See also

• misère

Further reading

• miser in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.
• miser in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.
• miser at OneLook Dictionary Search

Anagrams

• IMers, Mires, Reims, Rimes, emirs, mires, reims, reism, remis, riems, rimes

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French

Etymology

mise +‎ -er

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /mi.ze/

• Audio

  (file)

Verb

miser

1. (gambling) to bet (place a bet)

Conjugation

Conjugation of miser (see also Appendix:French verbs)

infinitive	simple	miser
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1	simple	misant /mi.zɑ̃/
	compound	ayant + past participle
past participle		misé /mi.ze/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	mise /miz/	mises /miz/	mise /miz/	misons /mi.zɔ̃/	misez /mi.ze/	misent /miz/
	imperfect	misais /mi.zɛ/	misais /mi.zɛ/	misait /mi.zɛ/	misions /mi.zjɔ̃/	misiez /mi.zje/	misaient /mi.zɛ/
	past historic2	misai /mi.ze/	misas /mi.za/	misa /mi.za/	misâmes /mi.zam/	misâtes /mi.zat/	misèrent /mi.zɛʁ/
	future	miserai /miz.ʁe/	miseras /miz.ʁa/	misera /miz.ʁa/	miserons /miz.ʁɔ̃/	miserez /miz.ʁe/	miseront /miz.ʁɔ̃/
	conditional	miserais /miz.ʁɛ/	miserais /miz.ʁɛ/	miserait /miz.ʁɛ/	miserions /mi.zə.ʁjɔ̃/	miseriez /mi.zə.ʁje/	miseraient /miz.ʁɛ/
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior2	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	mise /miz/	mises /miz/	mise /miz/	misions /mi.zjɔ̃/	misiez /mi.zje/	misent /miz/
	imperfect2	misasse /mi.zas/	misasses /mi.zas/	misât /mi.za/	misassions /mi.za.sjɔ̃/	misassiez /mi.za.sje/	misassent /mi.zas/
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect2	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	mise /miz/	—	misons /mi.zɔ̃/	misez /mi.ze/	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The French gerund is only usable with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, the past historic, past anterior, imperfect subjunctive and pluperfect subjunctive tenses may be found to have been replaced with the indicative present perfect, indicative pluperfect, present subjunctive and past subjunctive tenses respectively (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Derived terms

• miser sur le mauvais cheval

Descendants

• → Romanian: miza

Further reading

• “miser” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

Anagrams

• émirs, mires, mirés, Reims, remis, rimes, rîmes

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Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *misseros, of unknown origin. Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *mēwdʰ- (“to complain, be emotional about”), the same root of Latin maereō and Ancient Greek μῖσος (mîsos, “hatred”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈmi.ser/, [ˈmɪs̠ɛr]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈmi.ser/, [ˈmiːs̬ɛr]

• Audio (Roman)

  (file)

Adjective

miser (feminine misera, neuter miserum, comparative miserior, superlative miserrimus, adverb miserē or miseriter); first/second-declension adjective (nominative masculine singular in -er)

1. poor, wretched, pitiful
   • 29 bc. Vergil. Aeneid, Book I

     nōn ignāra malī miserīs succurrere discō

     being not unacquainted with woe, I learn to help the unfortunate

   • a. 54 BC, Catullus. Catullus 8

     Miser Catulle, dēsinās ineptīre

     Poor Catullus, stop with the nonsense

2. miserable, unhappy
3. worthless, null
4. tragic, unfortunate
5. sick
6. tormenting

Declension

First/second-declension adjective (nominative masculine singular in -er).

Number	Singular				Plural
Case / Gender	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	miser	misera	miserum		miserī	miserae	misera
Genitive	miserī	miserae	miserī		miserōrum	miserārum	miserōrum
Dative	miserō		miserō		miserīs
Accusative	miserum	miseram	miserum		miserōs	miserās	misera
Ablative	miserō	miserā	miserō		miserīs
Vocative	miser	misera	miserum		miserī	miserae	misera

Derived terms

• misellus
• misereō
• miseria

• misericors
• miserulus
• miseror

Related terms

• miserābilis
• miserandus
• miserātiō

• miserātor / misertor
• misericordia

Descendants

• Eastern Romance:
  • Romanian: meser, measer
• Italian: misero
• Old French: mezre
• → Catalan: míser
• → Portuguese: mísero
• → Spanish: mísero
• → Albanian: mjerë (disputed)
• → English: miser
• → Romanian: mizer

References

• miser in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• miser in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• miser in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré Latin-Français, Hachette
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • (ambiguous) to live a happy (unhappy) life: vitam beatam (miseram) degere
    
• H. H. Mallinckrodt, Latijn Nederlands woordenboek (Aula n° 24), Utrecht-Antwerpen, Spectrum, 1959 [Latin - Dutch dictionary in Dutch]