miser

See also: Miser and misër

English

Etymology

From Late Latin miser (“wretched, unfortunate, unhappy, miserable, sick, ill, bad, worthless, etc.”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈmaɪzə(ɹ)/
•  :Rhymes: -aɪzə(r)

Noun

miser (plural misers)

1. (pejorative) A person who hoards money rather than spending it; one who is cheap or extremely parsimonious.

   Ebenezer Scrooge was a stereotypical miser, he spent nothing he could save; neither giving to charity nor enjoying his wealth.

Synonyms

• cheapskate
• penny-father
• scrooge
• skinflint
• See Wikisaurus:miser

Antonyms

• spendthrift

Derived terms

• miserly

Translations

skinflint or scrooge

• Arabic: بَخِيل‎ m (baḵīl), بَخِيلَة‎ f (baḵīla)
• Armenian: ժլատ (hy) (žlat), կծծի (hy) (kcci), գծուծ (hy) (gcuc), քցիպ (kʿcʿip)
• Chinese:

  Cantonese: 孤寒鬼 (gu¹ hon⁴ gwai²)

  Mandarin: 吝嗇鬼 (zh), 吝啬鬼 (zh) (lìnsèguǐ), 守財奴 (zh), 守财奴 (zh) (shǒucáinú)

  Min Nan: 凍霜鬼, 冻霜鬼 (tàng-sng-kúi)

• Czech: lakomec (cs) m
• Danish: gnier c
• Dutch: gierigaard (nl) m, vrek (nl) m
• Esperanto: avarulo, avarulino
• Finnish: saituri (fi), kitupiikki (fi)
• French: avare (fr) m
• Georgian: ძუნწი (ʒunc̣i)
• German: Geizhals (de) m, Geizkragen (de) m, Geiziger m, Geizige f, Pfennigfuchser (de) m, Pfennigfuchserin (de) f, Pfennigklauber m, Pfennigklauberin f, Rappenspalter m (Swiss German), Rappenspalterin f, Knauser m, Knauserin f
• Greek: τσιγγούνης, φιλάργυρος (tsingoúnis, filárgyros)

  Ancient: θρῑ́ψ m (thrī́ps)

• Hebrew: קמצן‎ m (qamtsan)
• Hindi: कंजूस (hi) (kanjūs)

• Icelandic: nirfill (is) m
• Italian: avaro (it) m, avara (it) f
• Japanese: 守銭奴 (しゅせんど, shusendo), ケチ (ja) (kechi)
• Latin: avarus m, avara f
• Low German:

  German Low German: Pennschieter m, Pennschieterin f, Pennschietersch f, Pennschietersche f, Giezknuppen m

• Norman: agravé m, avare m, rapinneux m
• Norwegian: gjerrigknark (no) m
• Polish: sknera (pl) m, skąpiec (pl) m, dusigrosz m
• Portuguese: avarento (pt) m, avarenta (pt) f, mão-de-vaca (pt)
• Romanian: zgârcit (ro)
• Russian: скря́га (ru) m, f (skrjága), жа́дина (ru) m, f (žádina), скупе́ц (ru) m (skupéc), скупердя́й (ru) m (skuperdjáj), курку́ль (ru) m (kurkúlʹ), жмот (ru) m (žmot)
• Spanish: avaro (es) m, avara (es) f
• Swedish: gnidare (sv) c, girigbuk (sv) c
• Telugu: లోభి (te) (lōbhi)
• Turkish: cimri (tr), pinti (tr), hasis (tr)
• Volapük: (♂♀) lavaran (vo), (♂) hilavaran, (♀) jilavaran

See also

• misère

Further reading

• miser in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913
• miser in The Century Dictionary, The Century Co., New York, 1911
• miser at OneLook Dictionary Search

Anagrams

• IMers, Mires, Reims, emirs, mires, reims, reism, remis, riems, rimes

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French

Verb

miser

1. (gambling) to bet (place a bet)

Conjugation

  Conjugation of miser (see also Appendix:French verbs)

		simple			compound
infinitive		miser			avoir misé
gerund		en misant			en ayant misé
present participle		misant /mi.zɑ̃/
past participle		misé /mi.ze/
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il	nous	vous	ils
simple tenses	present	mise /miz/	mises /miz/	mise /miz/	misons /mi.zɔ̃/	misez /mi.ze/	misent /miz/
	imperfect	misais /mi.zɛ/	misais /mi.zɛ/	misait /mi.zɛ/	misions /mi.zjɔ̃/	misiez /mi.zje/	misaient /mi.zɛ/
	past historic1	misai /mi.ze/	misas /mi.za/	misa /mi.za/	misâmes /mi.zam/	misâtes /mi.zat/	misèrent /mi.zɛʁ/
	future	miserai /miz.ʁe/	miseras /miz.ʁa/	misera /miz.ʁa/	miserons /miz.ʁɔ̃/	miserez /miz.ʁe/	miseront /miz.ʁɔ̃/
	conditional	miserais /miz.ʁɛ/	miserais /miz.ʁɛ/	miserait /miz.ʁɛ/	miserions /mi.zə.ʁjɔ̃/	miseriez /mi.zə.ʁje/	miseraient /miz.ʁɛ/
compound tenses	present perfect	Use the present tense of avoir followed by the past participle
	pluperfect	Use the imperfect tense of avoir followed by the past participle
	past anterior1	Use the past historic tense of avoir followed by the past participle
	future perfect	Use the future tense of avoir followed by the past participle
	conditional perfect	Use the conditional tense of avoir followed by the past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il	que nous	que vous	qu’ils
simple tenses	present	mise /miz/	mises /miz/	mise /miz/	misions /mi.zjɔ̃/	misiez /mi.zje/	misent /miz/
	imperfect1	misasse /mi.zas/	misasses /mi.zas/	misât /mi.za/	misassions /mi.za.sjɔ̃/	misassiez /mi.za.sje/	misassent /mi.zas/
compound tenses	past	Use the present subjunctive tense of avoir followed by the past participle
	pluperfect1	Use the imperfect subjunctive tense of avoir followed by the past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
		—	mise /miz/	—	misons /mi.zɔ̃/	misez /mi.ze/	—
1literary tenses

Anagrams

• émirs, mires, mirés, Reims, remis, rimes, rîmes

Further reading

• “miser” in le Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

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Latin

Etymology

Of unknown origin. Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *mēwdʰ- (“to complain, be emotional about”), the same root of Latin maereō and Ancient Greek μῖσος (mîsos, “hatred”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈmi.ser/, [ˈmɪ.sɛr]

• Audio (Roman)

  (file)

• Audio (classical)

  (file)

Adjective

miser (feminine misera, neuter miserum); first/second declension

1. poor, wretched, pitiful
   • 29 bc. Vergil. Aeneid, Book I

     non ignara mali miseris succurrere disco

     being not unacquainted with woe, I learn to help the unfortunate

2. miserable, unhappy
3. worthless, null
4. tragic, unfortunate
5. sick
6. tormenting

Inflection

First/second declension, nominative masculine singular in -er.

Number	Singular				Plural
Case / Gender	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
nominative	miser	misera	miserum		miserī	miserae	misera
genitive	miserī	miserae	miserī		miserōrum	miserārum	miserōrum
dative	miserō		miserō		miserīs
accusative	miserum	miseram	miserum		miserōs	miserās	misera
ablative	miserō	miserā	miserō		miserīs
vocative	miser	misera	miserum		miserī	miserae	misera

• comparative: miserior, superlative: miserrimus

Derived terms

• misellus
• misereō
• miseria

• misericors
• miserulus
• miseror

Related terms

• miserābilis
• miserandus
• miserātiō

• miserātor / misertor
• misericordia

Descendants

• English: miser
• Italian: misero
• Old French: mezre

• Portuguese: mísero
• Romanian: meser, mizer
• Spanish: mísero

References

• miser in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• miser in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “miser” in Félix Gaffiot’s Dictionnaire Illustré Latin-Français, Hachette (1934)
• Carl Meissner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • (ambiguous) to live a happy (unhappy) life: vitam beatam (miseram) degere
    
• H. H. Mallinckrodt, Latijn Nederlands woordenboek (Aula n° 24), Utrecht-Antwerpen, Spectrum, 1959 [Latin - Dutch dictionary in Dutch]