miser
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English[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Late Latin miser (“wretched, unfortunate, unhappy, miserable, sick, ill, bad, worthless, etc.”).
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
miser (plural misers)
- (derogatory) A person who hoards money rather than spending it; one who is cheap or extremely parsimonious.
- Ebenezer Scrooge was a stereotypical miser: he spent nothing he could save, neither giving to charity nor enjoying his wealth.
- A kind of earth auger, typically large-bored and often hand-operated.
Synonyms[edit]
- See Thesaurus:miser
Antonyms[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
Translations[edit]
skinflint or scrooge
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See also[edit]
Further reading[edit]
- miser in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.
- miser in The Century Dictionary, The Century Co., New York, 1911
- miser at OneLook Dictionary Search
Anagrams[edit]
French[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Verb[edit]
miser
Conjugation[edit]
Conjugation of miser (see also Appendix:French verbs)
infinitive | simple | miser | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
present participle or gerund1 | simple | misant /mi.zɑ̃/ | |||||
compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
past participle | misé /mi.ze/ | ||||||
singular | plural | ||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | mise /miz/ |
mises /miz/ |
mise /miz/ |
misons /mi.zɔ̃/ |
misez /mi.ze/ |
misent /miz/ |
imperfect | misais /mi.zɛ/ |
misais /mi.zɛ/ |
misait /mi.zɛ/ |
misions /mi.zjɔ̃/ |
misiez /mi.zje/ |
misaient /mi.zɛ/ | |
past historic2 | misai /mi.ze/ |
misas /mi.za/ |
misa /mi.za/ |
misâmes /mi.zam/ |
misâtes /mi.zat/ |
misèrent /mi.zɛʁ/ | |
future | miserai /miz.ʁe/ |
miseras /miz.ʁa/ |
misera /miz.ʁa/ |
miserons /miz.ʁɔ̃/ |
miserez /miz.ʁe/ |
miseront /miz.ʁɔ̃/ | |
conditional | miserais /miz.ʁɛ/ |
miserais /miz.ʁɛ/ |
miserait /miz.ʁɛ/ |
miserions /mi.zə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
miseriez /mi.zə.ʁje/ |
miseraient /miz.ʁɛ/ | |
(compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | mise /miz/ |
mises /miz/ |
mise /miz/ |
misions /mi.zjɔ̃/ |
misiez /mi.zje/ |
misent /miz/ |
imperfect2 | misasse /mi.zas/ |
misasses /mi.zas/ |
misât /mi.za/ |
misassions /mi.za.sjɔ̃/ |
misassiez /mi.za.sje/ |
misassent /mi.zas/ | |
(compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | – | – | ||||
simple | — | mise /miz/ |
— | misons /mi.zɔ̃/ |
misez /mi.ze/ |
— | |
compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
1 The French gerund is only usable with preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, the past historic, past anterior, imperfect subjunctive and pluperfect subjunctive tenses may be found to have been replaced with the indicative present perfect, indicative pluperfect, present subjunctive and past subjunctive tenses respectively (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). |
Further reading[edit]
- “miser” in le Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).
Anagrams[edit]
Latin[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Of unknown origin. Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *mēwdʰ- (“to complain, be emotional about”), the same root of Latin maereō and Ancient Greek μῖσος (mîsos, “hatred”).
Pronunciation[edit]
Adjective[edit]
miser (feminine misera, neuter miserum, comparative miserior, superlative miserrimus, adverb miseriter); first/second-declension adjective (nominative masculine singular in -er)
- poor, wretched, pitiful
- 29 bc. Vergil. Aeneid, Book I
- nōn ignāra malī miserīs succurrere discō
- being not unacquainted with woe, I learn to help the unfortunate
- nōn ignāra malī miserīs succurrere discō
- Catullus. Catullus 8
- Miser Catulle, dēsinās ineptīre
- Poor Catullus, stop with the nonsense
- Miser Catulle, dēsinās ineptīre
- 29 bc. Vergil. Aeneid, Book I
- miserable, unhappy
- worthless, null
- tragic, unfortunate
- sick
- tormenting
Declension[edit]
First/second-declension adjective (nominative masculine singular in -er).
Number | Singular | Plural | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case / Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |
Nominative | miser | misera | miserum | miserī | miserae | misera | |
Genitive | miserī | miserae | miserī | miserōrum | miserārum | miserōrum | |
Dative | miserō | miserō | miserīs | ||||
Accusative | miserum | miseram | miserum | miserōs | miserās | misera | |
Ablative | miserō | miserā | miserō | miserīs | |||
Vocative | miser | misera | miserum | miserī | miserae | misera |
Derived terms[edit]
Related terms[edit]
Descendants[edit]
- Eastern Romance:
- Italian: misero
- Old French: mezre
- → Catalan: míser
- → Portuguese: mísero
- → Spanish: mísero
- → Albanian: mjerë[1] (disputed)
- → English: miser
- → Romanian: mizer
References[edit]
- miser in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- miser in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- miser in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire Illustré Latin-Français, Hachette
- Carl Meissner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
- (ambiguous) to live a happy (unhappy) life: vitam beatam (miseram) degere
- (ambiguous) to live a happy (unhappy) life: vitam beatam (miseram) degere
- H. H. Mallinckrodt, Latijn Nederlands woordenboek (Aula n° 24), Utrecht-Antwerpen, Spectrum, 1959 [Latin - Dutch dictionary in Dutch]
- ^ Orel, Vladimir (1998), “mjerë”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, page 270
Categories:
- English terms derived from Late Latin
- English 2-syllable words
- English terms with IPA pronunciation
- English lemmas
- English nouns
- English countable nouns
- English derogatory terms
- en:People
- French words suffixed with -er
- French 2-syllable words
- French terms with IPA pronunciation
- French lemmas
- French verbs
- fr:Gambling
- French verbs with conjugation -er
- French first group verbs
- Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Latin 2-syllable words
- Latin terms with IPA pronunciation
- Latin terms with audio links
- Latin lemmas
- Latin adjectives
- Latin first and second declension adjectives with nominative masculine singular in -er
- Latin first and second declension adjectives
- Latin words in Meissner and Auden's phrasebook