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cinn

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: cinn-

Irish

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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From Old Irish cingid,[5] cinnid (“to step, surpass”).

Verb

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cinn (present analytic cinneann, future analytic cinnfidh, verbal noun cinneadh, past participle cinnte) (ambitransitive)

  1. (literary) to step
  2. to surpass, overcome [with ar]
  3. to be too much for [with ar]
    Chinn orainn aon dul chun cinn a dhéanadh.
    We failed to make any progress.
Conjugation
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conjugation of cinn (first conjugation – A)
verbal noun cinneadh
past participle cinnte
tense singular plural relative autonomous
first second third first second third
indicative
present cinnim cinneann tú;
cinnir† 		cinneann sé, sí cinnimid cinneann sibh cinneann siad;
cinnid† 		a chinneann; a chinneas /
a gcinneann* 		cinntear
past chinn mé; chinneas chinn tú; chinnis chinn sé, sí chinneamar; chinn muid chinn sibh; chinneabhair chinn siad; chinneadar a chinn /
ar chinn* 		cinneadh
past habitual chinninn / gcinninn‡‡ chinnteá / gcinnteᇇ chinneadh sé, sí / gcinneadh sé, s퇇 chinnimis; chinneadh muid / gcinnimis‡‡; gcinneadh muid‡‡ chinneadh sibh / gcinneadh sibh‡‡ chinnidís; chinneadh siad / gcinnidís‡‡; gcinneadh siad‡‡ a chinneadh /
a gcinneadh* 		chinntí / gcinnt퇇
future cinnfidh mé;
cinnfead 		cinnfidh tú;
cinnfir† 		cinnfidh sé, sí cinnfimid;
cinnfidh muid 		cinnfidh sibh cinnfidh siad;
cinnfid† 		a chinnfidh; a chinnfeas /
a gcinnfidh* 		cinnfear
conditional chinnfinn / gcinnfinn‡‡ chinnfeá / gcinnfeᇇ chinnfeadh sé, sí / gcinnfeadh sé, s퇇 chinnfimis; chinnfeadh muid / gcinnfimis‡‡; gcinnfeadh muid‡‡ chinnfeadh sibh / gcinnfeadh sibh‡‡ chinnfidís; chinnfeadh siad / gcinnfidís‡‡; gcinnfeadh siad‡‡ a chinnfeadh /
a gcinnfeadh* 		chinnfí / gcinnf퇇
subjunctive
present go gcinne mé;
go gcinnead† 		go gcinne tú;
go gcinnir† 		go gcinne sé, sí go gcinnimid;
go gcinne muid 		go gcinne sibh go gcinne siad;
go gcinnid† 		— go gcinntear
past dá gcinninn dá gcinnteá dá gcinneadh sé, sí dá gcinnimis;
dá gcinneadh muid 		dá gcinneadh sibh dá gcinnidís;
dá gcinneadh siad 		— dá gcinntí
imperative
– cinnim cinn cinneadh sé, sí cinnimis cinnigí;
cinnidh† 		cinnidís — cinntear

* indirect relative
† archaic or dialect form
‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

Etymology 2

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From Old Irish cinnid (“to define, complete”), from cenn (“head”).[6]

Verb

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cinn (present analytic cinneann, future analytic cinnfidh, verbal noun cinneadh, past participle cinnte)

  1. (ambitransitive) to fix, determine, decree, decide
Conjugation
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conjugation of cinn (first conjugation – A)
verbal noun cinneadh
past participle cinnte
tense singular plural relative autonomous
first second third first second third
indicative
present cinnim cinneann tú;
cinnir† 		cinneann sé, sí cinnimid cinneann sibh cinneann siad;
cinnid† 		a chinneann; a chinneas /
a gcinneann* 		cinntear
past chinn mé; chinneas chinn tú; chinnis chinn sé, sí chinneamar; chinn muid chinn sibh; chinneabhair chinn siad; chinneadar a chinn /
ar chinn* 		cinneadh
past habitual chinninn / gcinninn‡‡ chinnteá / gcinnteᇇ chinneadh sé, sí / gcinneadh sé, s퇇 chinnimis; chinneadh muid / gcinnimis‡‡; gcinneadh muid‡‡ chinneadh sibh / gcinneadh sibh‡‡ chinnidís; chinneadh siad / gcinnidís‡‡; gcinneadh siad‡‡ a chinneadh /
a gcinneadh* 		chinntí / gcinnt퇇
future cinnfidh mé;
cinnfead 		cinnfidh tú;
cinnfir† 		cinnfidh sé, sí cinnfimid;
cinnfidh muid 		cinnfidh sibh cinnfidh siad;
cinnfid† 		a chinnfidh; a chinnfeas /
a gcinnfidh* 		cinnfear
conditional chinnfinn / gcinnfinn‡‡ chinnfeá / gcinnfeᇇ chinnfeadh sé, sí / gcinnfeadh sé, s퇇 chinnfimis; chinnfeadh muid / gcinnfimis‡‡; gcinnfeadh muid‡‡ chinnfeadh sibh / gcinnfeadh sibh‡‡ chinnfidís; chinnfeadh siad / gcinnfidís‡‡; gcinnfeadh siad‡‡ a chinnfeadh /
a gcinnfeadh* 		chinnfí / gcinnf퇇
subjunctive
present go gcinne mé;
go gcinnead† 		go gcinne tú;
go gcinnir† 		go gcinne sé, sí go gcinnimid;
go gcinne muid 		go gcinne sibh go gcinne siad;
go gcinnid† 		— go gcinntear
past dá gcinninn dá gcinnteá dá gcinneadh sé, sí dá gcinnimis;
dá gcinneadh muid 		dá gcinneadh sibh dá gcinnidís;
dá gcinneadh siad 		— dá gcinntí
imperative
– cinnim cinn cinneadh sé, sí cinnimis cinnigí;
cinnidh† 		cinnidís — cinntear

* indirect relative
† archaic or dialect form
‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

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Etymology 3

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See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Alternative forms

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Noun

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cinn m

  1. inflection of ceann (“head”):
    1. vocative/genitive singular
    2. nominative/dative plural

Mutation

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Mutated forms of cinn
radical lenition eclipsis
cinn chinn gcinn

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

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  1. ^ Breatnach, Risteard B. (1947), The Irish of Ring, Co. Waterford: A Phonetic Study, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, →ISBN, section 159, page 34
  2. ^ Ó Cuív, Brian (1968), The Irish of West Muskerry, Co. Cork: A Phonetic Study, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, →ISBN, section 132, page 38; reprinted 1988
  3. ^ Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931), Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry [Phonetics of an Irish Dialect of Kerry] (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, § 45, page 24
  4. ^ Finck, F. N. (1899), Die araner mundart [The Aran Dialect] (in German), Zweiter Band: Wörterbuch [Second volume: Dictionary], Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 170
  5. ^ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 cingid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
  6. ^ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 cinnid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Further reading

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Middle Irish

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Noun

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cinn

  1. inflection of cenn:
    1. genitive singular
    2. nominative plural

Mutation

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Mutation of cinn
radical lenition nasalization
cinn chinn cinn
pronounced with /ɡ(ʲ)-/

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Middle Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Old English

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Etymology 1

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From Proto-West Germanic *kinnu (“chin”).

Compare Old Frisian zin, Old Saxon, Old Dutch, and Old High German kinni, Old Norse kinn, Gothic 𐌺𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌿𐍃 (kinnus) and Latin gena, Ancient Greek γένυς (génus), Welsh gen, Tocharian A śanweṃ, Old Armenian ծնաւտ (cnawt), Lithuanian žandas, Persian چانه (čâne), Sanskrit हनु (hánu).

Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /t͡ʃinn/, [t͡ʃin]

Noun

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ċinn n

  1. chin
Declension
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Strong a-stem:

singular plural
nominative ċinn ċinn
accusative ċinn ċinn
genitive ċinnes ċinna
dative ċinne ċinnum
Descendants
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  • Middle English: chyn, chin, chinne, chynne, shyne, schyn
    • English: chin
    • Scots: chin, chyn

Etymology 2

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See cynn.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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cinn n

  1. alternative form of cynn

Old Irish

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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cinn

  1. genitive singular of cenn (“head”)

Mutation

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Mutation of cinn
radical lenition nasalization
cinn chinn cinn
pronounced with /ɡʲ-/

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Scottish Gaelic

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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From the root of cineal (“progeny, offspring”).

Verb

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cinn (past chinn, future cinnidh, verbal noun cinntinn, past participle cinnte)

  1. grow
  2. increase, multiply
  3. prosper

Etymology 2

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See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

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cinn m

  1. inflection of ceann:
    1. genitive singular
    2. nominative plural

Mutation

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Mutation of cinn
radical lenition
cinn chinn

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Scottish Gaelic.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

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  1. ^ Oftedal, M. (1956), A linguistic survey of the Gaelic dialects of Scotland, Vol. III: The Gaelic of Leurbost, Isle of Lewis, Oslo: Norsk Tidsskrift for Sprogvidenskap

Further reading

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  • Edward Dwelly (1911), “cinn”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary]‎[1], 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN
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