colaborar

Galician

Etymology

From Latin collabōrāre.

Verb

colaborar (first-person singular present colaboro, first-person singular preterite colaborei, past participle colaborado)

1. to collaborate

Conjugation

    Conjugation of colaborar

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti)	Third-person (el / ela / Vde.)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / Vdes.)
Infinitive
Impersonal	colaborar
Personal	colaborar	colaborares	colaborar	colaborarmos	colaborardes	colaboraren
Gerund
	colaborando
Past participle
Masculine	colaborado			colaborados
Feminine	colaborada			colaboradas
Indicative
Present	colaboro	colaboras	colabora	colaboramos	colaborades	colaboran
Imperfect	colaboraba	colaborabas	colaboraba	colaborabamos	colaborabades	colaboraban
Preterite	colaborei	colaboraches	colaborou	colaboramos	colaborastes	colaboraron
Pluperfect	colaborara	colaboraras	colaborara	colaboraramos	colaborarades	colaboraran
Future	colaborarei	colaborarás	colaborará	colaboraremos	colaboraredes	colaborarán
Conditional	colaboraría	colaborarías	colaboraría	colaborariamos	colaborariades	colaborarían
Subjunctive
Present	colabore	colabores	colabore	colaboremos	colaboredes	colaboren
Imperfect	colaborase	colaborases	colaborase	colaborásemos	colaborásedes	colaborasen
Future	colaborar	colaborares	colaborar	colaborarmos	colaborardes	colaboraren
Imperative
Affirmative		colabora	colabore	colaboremos	colaborade	colaboren
Negative (non)		non colabores	non colabore	non colaboremos	non colaboredes	non colaboren

    Reintegrated conjugation of colaborar (See Appendix:Reintegrationism)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti / tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	colaborar
Personal	colaborar	colaborares	colaborar	colaborarmos	colaborardes	colaborarem
Gerund
	colaborando
Past participle
Masculine	colaborado			colaborados
Feminine	colaborada			colaboradas
Indicative
Present	colaboro	colaboras	colabora	colaboramos	colaborades, colaborais	colaboram
Imperfect	colaborava	colaboravas	colaborava	colaborávamos	colaborávades, colaboráveis, colaborávais1	colaboravam
Preterite	colaborei	colaboraste, colaborache1	colaborou	colaboramos	colaborastes	colaborárom, colaboraram
Pluperfect	colaborara	colaboraras	colaborara	colaboráramos	colaborárades, colaboráreis, colaborárais1	colaboraram
Future	colaborarei	colaborarás	colaborará	colaboraremos	colaboraredes, colaborareis	colaborarám, colaborarão
Conditional	colaboraria	colaborarias	colaboraria	colaboraríamos	colaboraríades, colaboraríeis, colaboraríais1	colaborariam
Subjunctive
Present	colabore	colabores	colabore	colaboremos	colaboredes, colaboreis	colaborem
Imperfect	colaborasse	colaborasses	colaborasse	colaborássemos	colaborássedes, colaborásseis	colaborassem
Future	colaborar	colaborares	colaborar	colaborarmos	colaborardes	colaborarem
Imperative
Affirmative		colabora	colabore	colaboremos	colaborade, colaborai	colaborem
Negative (nom)		nom colabores	nom colabore	nom colaboremos	nom colaboredes, nom colaboreis	nom colaborem

¹Less recommended.

Related terms

• colaboración
• colaborador
• colaborativo

Further reading

• “colaborar”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2026
• “colaborar”, in Dicionário Estraviz de galego (in Galician), 2014–2026

Portuguese

Alternative forms

• collaborar (pre-standardization spelling)

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *ḱe?

Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm

Proto-Italic *kom

Proto-Italic *kom-

Latin con-

Old Latin labōs

Latin labor

Proto-Indo-European *-h₂

Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂

Proto-Indo-European *-yéti

Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti

Proto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.

Proto-Italic *-ājō

Proto-Italic *-āō

Latin -ō

Latin labōrō

Latin collabōrārelbor.

Portuguese colaborar

Learned borrowing from Latin collabōrāre.

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ko.la.boˈɾa(ʁ)/ [ko.la.boˈɾa(h)]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ko.la.boˈɾa(ʁ)/ [ko.la.boˈɾa(h)]
  • (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /ko.la.boˈɾa(ɾ)/
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /ko.la.boˈɾa(ʁ)/ [ko.la.boˈɾa(χ)]
  • (Caipira) IPA^(key): /ko.la.boˈɾa(ɻ)/

 

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ku.lɐ.buˈɾaɾ/ [ku.lɐ.βuˈɾaɾ]

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ku.lɐ.buˈɾaɾ/ [ku.lɐ.βuˈɾaɾ]
  • (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /ku.lɐ.buˈɾa.ɾi/

• Hyphenation: co‧la‧bo‧rar

Verb

colaborar (first-person singular present colaboro, first-person singular preterite colaborei, past participle colaborado)

1. to collaborate

Conjugation

    Conjugation of colaborar (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	colaborar
Personal	colaborar	colaborares	colaborar	colaborarmos	colaborardes	colaborarem
Gerund
	colaborando
Past participle
Masculine	colaborado			colaborados
Feminine	colaborada			colaboradas
Indicative
Present	colaboro	colaboras	colabora	colaboramos	colaborais	colaboram
Imperfect	colaborava	colaboravas	colaborava	colaborávamos	colaboráveis	colaboravam
Preterite	colaborei	colaboraste	colaborou	colaboramos1, colaborámos2	colaborastes	colaboraram
Pluperfect	colaborara	colaboraras	colaborara	colaboráramos	colaboráreis	colaboraram
Future	colaborarei	colaborarás	colaborará	colaboraremos	colaborareis	colaborarão
Conditional	colaboraria	colaborarias	colaboraria	colaboraríamos	colaboraríeis	colaborariam
Subjunctive
Present	colabore	colabores	colabore	colaboremos	colaboreis	colaborem
Imperfect	colaborasse	colaborasses	colaborasse	colaborássemos	colaborásseis	colaborassem
Future	colaborar	colaborares	colaborar	colaborarmos	colaborardes	colaborarem
Imperative
Affirmative		colabora	colabore	colaboremos	colaborai	colaborem
Negative (não)		não colabores	não colabore	não colaboremos	não colaboreis	não colaborem

¹Brazilian Portuguese.
²European Portuguese.

Related terms

• colaboração
• colaborador
• colaborativo

Further reading

• “colaborar”, in Dicionário Aulete Digital (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon Editora Digital, 2008–2026
• “colaborar”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2026

Spanish

Etymology

From Latin collabōrāre.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kolaboˈɾaɾ/ [ko.la.β̞oˈɾaɾ]
• Rhymes: -aɾ
• Syllabification: co‧la‧bo‧rar

Verb

colaborar (first-person singular present colaboro, first-person singular preterite colaboré, past participle colaborado)

1. to collaborate

Conjugation

    Conjugation of colaborar (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)

infinitive			colaborar
gerund			colaborando
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		colaborado		colaborada
		plural		colaborados		colaboradas
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	colaboro	colaborastú colaborásvos	colabora	colaboramos	colaboráis	colaboran
	imperfect	colaboraba	colaborabas	colaboraba	colaborábamos	colaborabais	colaboraban
	preterite	colaboré	colaboraste	colaboró	colaboramos	colaborasteis	colaboraron
	future	colaboraré	colaborarás	colaborará	colaboraremos	colaboraréis	colaborarán
	conditional	colaboraría	colaborarías	colaboraría	colaboraríamos	colaboraríais	colaborarían
subjunctive		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	colabore	colaborestú colaborésvos2	colabore	colaboremos	colaboréis	colaboren
	imperfect (ra)	colaborara	colaboraras	colaborara	colaboráramos	colaborarais	colaboraran
	imperfect (se)	colaborase	colaborases	colaborase	colaborásemos	colaboraseis	colaborasen
	future1	colaborare	colaborares	colaborare	colaboráremos	colaborareis	colaboraren
imperative		—	tú vos	usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ustedes
	affirmative		colaboratú colaborávos	colabore	colaboremos	colaborad	colaboren
	negative		no colabores	no colabore	no colaboremos	no colaboréis	no colaboren

¹Rare; now chiefly used in legal language.
²Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tuteo-form for the present subjunctive.

    Selected combined forms of colaborar

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
with infinitive colaborar	dative	colaborarme	colaborarte	colaborarle, colaborarse	colaborarnos	colaboraros	colaborarles, colaborarse
	accusative	colaborarme	colaborarte	colaborarlo, colaborarla, colaborarse	colaborarnos	colaboraros	colaborarlos, colaborarlas, colaborarse
with gerund colaborando	dative	colaborándome	colaborándote	colaborándole, colaborándose	colaborándonos	colaborándoos	colaborándoles, colaborándose
	accusative	colaborándome	colaborándote	colaborándolo, colaborándola, colaborándose	colaborándonos	colaborándoos	colaborándolos, colaborándolas, colaborándose
with informal second-person singular tuteo imperative colabora	dative	colabórame	colabórate	colabórale	colabóranos	not used	colabórales
	accusative	colabórame	colabórate	colabóralo, colabórala	colabóranos	not used	colabóralos, colabóralas
with informal second-person singular voseo imperative colaborá	dative	colaborame	colaborate	colaborale	colaboranos	not used	colaborales
	accusative	colaborame	colaborate	colaboralo, colaborala	colaboranos	not used	colaboralos, colaboralas
with formal second-person singular imperative colabore	dative	colabóreme	not used	colabórele, colabórese	colabórenos	not used	colabóreles
	accusative	colabóreme	not used	colabórelo, colabórela, colabórese	colabórenos	not used	colabórelos, colabórelas
with first-person plural imperative colaboremos	dative	not used	colaborémoste	colaborémosle	colaborémonos	colaborémoos	colaborémosles
	accusative	not used	colaborémoste	colaborémoslo, colaborémosla	colaborémonos	colaborémoos	colaborémoslos, colaborémoslas
with informal second-person plural imperative colaborad	dative	colaboradme	not used	colaboradle	colaboradnos	colaboraos	colaboradles
	accusative	colaboradme	not used	colaboradlo, colaboradla	colaboradnos	colaboraos	colaboradlos, colaboradlas
with formal second-person plural imperative colaboren	dative	colabórenme	not used	colabórenle	colabórennos	not used	colabórenles, colabórense
	accusative	colabórenme	not used	colabórenlo, colabórenla	colabórennos	not used	colabórenlos, colabórenlas, colabórense

Related terms

• colaboración
• colaborador
• colaborativo

Further reading

• “colaborar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8.1, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 15 December 2025