collaboration

English

Etymology

Originated 1855–60 from French collaboration, from Late Latin collaboratus + -ion, from Latin con- (“with”) + labōrō (“work”). Morphologically collaborate +‎ -ion.

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation, General American, Canada) IPA^(key): /kəˌlæbəˈɹeɪʃən/, [kʰəˌlæbəˈɹeɪ̯ʃən]

  • Audio (Southern England):

    (file)

  • Audio (Texas):

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• (General Australian) IPA^(key): /kəˌlæbəˈɹæɪʃən/, [kʰəˌlæbəˈɹæɪ̯ʃən]
• (New Zealand) IPA^(key): /kəˌlɛbəˈɹæɪʃən/, [kʰəˌlɛbəˈɹæɪ̯ʃən]
• Rhymes: -eɪʃən

Noun

collaboration (countable and uncountable, plural collaborations)

1. (uncountable) The act of collaborating.

   Collaboration can be a useful part of the creative process.

   During the interwar period, fascists proposed class collaboration as a response to communist class struggle.

2. (countable) A production or creation made by collaborating.

   Alternative form: collab

   The husband-and-wife artists will release their new collaboration in June this year.

   • 2023 February 8, chilcottharry, “So you want to start reading Warhammer 40,000? Here’s where to start!”, in FanFiAddict‎^[1], archived from the original on 10 February 2025:

     With the recent announcement of a Cinematic Universe being created as a collaboration between Henry Cavill (Oh God Emperor of the Nerds that he is) and a small production company called Amazon, plus the general increase in hobbying over the past few years, it’s never been so popular.

3. (uncountable) Treasonous cooperation.

   He has been charged with collaboration.

Hyponyms

• adversarial collaboration
• social collaboration
• telecollaboration

Derived terms

• adversarial collaboration
• anticollaboration
• collab
• collaborational
• collaborationism
• collaborationist
• noncollaboration
• social collaboration
• telecollaboration

Related terms

• collaborate
• collaborator
• collaborative
• collaboratively

Translations

act of collaborating

• Afrikaans: samewerking
• Albanian: bashkëpunim (sq) m
• Armenian: գործակցություն (hy) (gorcakcʻutʻyun), համագործակցություն (hy) (hamagorcakcʻutʻyun)
• Azerbaijani: əməkdaşlıq (az)
• Belarusian: супрацо́ўніцтва n (supracównictva)
• Breton: kenlabour m
• Bulgarian: сътру́дничество (bg) n (sǎtrúdničestvo)
• Catalan: col·laboració (ca) f
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 合作 (zh) (hézuò), 協作 / 协作 (zh) (xiézuò)

• Czech: spolupráce (cs) f
• Dutch: samenwerking (nl) f, het samenwerken (nl)
• Esperanto: kunlaboraĵo, kunlaborado, kunlaboro
• Finnish: yhteistyö (fi), myötävaikuttaminen, myötävaikutus, kollaboraatio
• French: collaboration (fr) f
• Galician: colaboración (gl) f
• German: Kollektivarbeit f, Zusammenarbeit (de) f, Kollaboration (de) f
• Greek: συνεργασία (el) f (synergasía)
• Hebrew: שיתוף פעולה m (shituf pe'ula)
• Hungarian: együttműködés (hu)
• Indonesian: kerja sama (id), kolaborasi (id)
• Italian: collaborazione (it) f
• Japanese: コラボレーション (ja) (koraborēshon), コラボ (ja) (korabo), 協調 (ja) (きょうちょう,kyōchō), 協力 (ja) (きょうりょく, kyōryoku), 共働 (ja) (きょうどう, kyōdō), 合作 (ja) (がっさく, gassaku)
• Khmer: សហការ (saʼhaʼkaa)
• Korean: 콜라보레이션 (kollaboreisyeon), 콜라보 (ko) (kollabo), 협업(協業) (ko) (hyeobeop), 협력(協力) (ko) (hyeomnyeok), 합작(合作) (hapjak)
• Lao: please add this translation if you can
• Latin: collabōrātiō f
• Malay: kerjasama
• Norwegian: samarbeid (no)
• Occitan: collaboracion (oc) f
• Old English: efnwyrċing f
• Polish: współpraca (pl) f
• Portuguese: colaboração (pt) f
• Romanian: colaborare (ro) f, colaborări f pl
• Russian: сотру́дничество (ru) n (sotrúdničestvo), коопера́ция (ru) f (kooperácija), совме́стная рабо́та f (sovméstnaja rabóta)
• Spanish: colaboración (es) f
• Swahili: kolabo (sw)
• Swedish: samarbete (sv) n
• Thai: please add this translation if you can
• Turkish: imece (tr), iş birliği (tr), emektaşlık (tr)
• Ukrainian: співробі́тництво (uk) n (spivrobítnyctvo), співпра́ця (uk) f (spivprácja)

joint production or creation

• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 合作 (zh) (hézuò), 協作 / 协作 (zh) (xiézuò)

• Finnish: yhteistuotanto
• Galician: colaboración (gl) f
• Greek: συνεργασία (el) f (synergasía)
• Italian: collaborazione (it)
• Japanese: コラボレーション (ja) (koraborēshon), コラボ (ja) (korabo), 合作 (ja) (gassaku), 共作 (kyōsaku)
• Korean: 콜라보레이션 (kollaboreisyeon), 콜라보 (ko) (kollabo), 합작(合作) (hapjak)
• Lao: please add this translation if you can
• Māori: ngātahitanga
• Russian: совме́стная рабо́та f (sovméstnaja rabóta), сотру́дничество (ru) n (sotrúdničestvo)
• Swahili: kolabo (sw)
• Thai: please add this translation if you can

treasonous cooperation

• Armenian: կոլլաբորացիոնիզմ (hy) (kollaboracʻionizm)
• Azerbaijani: kollaborasionizm
• Belarusian: (зрадніцкае) супрацо́ўніцтва n (supracównictva); калабарацыяні́зм m (kalabaracyjanízm)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 勾結 / 勾结 (zh) (gōujié), 通敵 / 通敌 (zh) (tōngdí)

• Czech: kolaborace (cs) f
• Danish: kollaboration c
• Dutch: collaboratie (nl) f
• Finnish: yhteistoiminta (fi), yhteistyö (fi) (vihollisen kanssa - with the enemy)
• French: collaboration (fr) f
• German: Kollaboration (de) f, Zusammenarbeit (de) f
• Hungarian: kollaborálás
• Japanese: 裏切り (ja) (うらぎり, uragiri) (treason), 利敵協力 (りてききょうりょく, riteki kyōryoku)
• Malay: persekongkolan, ڤرسکوڠکولن (persekungkulan), persubahatan, kolaborasi
• Polish: kolaboracja (pl) f
• Portuguese: conspiração (pt) f, formação de quadrilha f
• Russian: (предательское) сотру́дничество (ru) n (sotrúdničestvo), коллаборациони́зм (ru) m (kollaboracionízm)
• Swedish: kollaboration c
• Ukrainian: (зрадницька) співпра́ця (uk) f (spivprácja); колабораціоні́зм (uk) m (kolaboracionízm), колабора́ція f (kolaborácija), колабора́нтство n (kolaborántstvo)

References

• “collaboration”, in The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 4th edition, Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin, 2000, →ISBN.
• “collaboration”, in Dictionary.com Unabridged, Dictionary.com, LLC, 1995–present.
• "collaboration" in WordNet 2.0, Princeton University, 2003.

French

Etymology

From collaborer +‎ -tion, from Late Latin collaboratio, from Latin com- (“with”) + labōrō (“work”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kɔ.la.bɔ.ʁa.sjɔ̃/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Audio (France (Vosges)):

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• Audio (France (Vosges)):

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• Audio (France (Lyon)):

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• Rhymes: -sjɔ̃
• Homophone: collaborations
• Hyphenation: co‧lla‧bo‧ra‧tion

Noun

collaboration f (plural collaborations)

1. collaboration

Further reading

• “collaboration”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012