commune

See also: Commune

English

Etymology 1

From Middle English commune, comune, from Old French comune, commune, from Medieval Latin commūnia, from Latin commūne (“community, state”), from commūnis (“common”). See also community, communion, common.

Pronunciation

• enPR: kŏm'yo͞on, IPA^(key): /ˈkɒmjuːn/
• enPR: käm'yo͞on, IPA^(key): /ˈkɑmjuːn/

• Audio (US):

  (file)

Noun

commune (countable and uncountable, plural communes)

1. A small community, often rural, whose members share in the ownership of property, and in the division of labour; the members of such a community.
2. A local political division in many European countries.
3. (obsolete) The commonalty; the common people.

   (Can we find and add a quotation of Chaucer to this entry?)

4. (uncountable, obsolete) communion; sympathetic intercourse or conversation between friends
   • (Can we date this quote by Tennyson and provide title, author’s full name, and other details?)

     For days of happy commune dead.

Translations

small community, often rural, whose members share in the ownership of property, and in the division of labour; the members of such a community

• Armenian: համայնք (hy) (hamaynkʻ)
• Bulgarian: комуна (komuna)
• Finnish: kommuuni (fi)
• Greek: κοινόβιο (el) n (koinóvio)
• Hebrew: קבוצה \ קְבוּצָה (he) f (kvutsá), קיבוץ \ קִבּוּץ (he) m (kibúts)
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}
• Khmer: ឃុំ (km) (kʰum), សង្កាត់ (km) (sɑngkat)
• Russian: общи́на (ru) f (obščína)
• Spanish: comuna (es) f
• Swedish: byalag

local political division in many European countries

• Armenian: կոմունա (hy) (komuna)
• Chinese:

  Cantonese: 市镇 (si⁵zan³)

  Mandarin: 市镇 (zh) (shìzhèn), 市镇 (zh) (shìzhèn)

• Danish: kommune (da) c
• Finnish: kunta (fi)
• Franco-Provençal: comena
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}
• French: commune (fr) f
• German: Gemeinde (de) f, Kommune (de) f
• Greek: κοινότητα (el) f (koinótita)
• Khmer: សង្កាត់ (km) (sɑngkat), ឃុំ (km) (kʰum)
• Occitan: comuna f
• Russian: комму́на (ru) f (kommúna), общи́на (ru) f (obščína)
• Spanish: comuna (es) f, municipio (es) m

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}
• Icelandic: ^{(please verify)} kommúna f

Etymology 2

From Middle English communen, comunen, from Old French comunier, communier (“to share”), from Latin commūnis.

Pronunciation

• enPR: kəmyo͞on', IPA^(key): /kəˈmjuːn/

• Audio (US):

  (file)

Verb

1. To converse together with sympathy and confidence; to interchange sentiments or feelings; to take counsel.
   • (Can we date this quote by Shakespeare and provide title, author’s full name, and other details?)

     I would commune with you of such things / That want no ear but yours.

2. (intransitive, followed by with) To communicate (with) spiritually; to be together (with); to contemplate or absorb.

   He spent a week in the backcountry, communing with nature.

3. (Christianity, intransitive) To receive the communion.
   • (Can we date this quote by Bishop Gilbert Burnet and provide title, author’s full name, and other details?)

     Namely, in these things, in prohibiting that none should commune alone, in making the people whole communers, or in suffering them to commune under both kinds […]

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Dutch

Etymology

From Middle Dutch commune, from Old French commune, from Latin [Term?].

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˌkɔˈmynə/
• Hyphenation: com‧mu‧ne
• Rhymes: -ynə

Noun

commune f (plural communes, diminutive communetje n)

1. A commune (community living together with common property).

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French

Etymology

From Medieval Latin communia, neuter plural of communis.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kɔ.myn/

• audio:

  (file)

Noun

commune f (plural communes)

1. commune (administrative subdivision)

Descendants

• Russian: комму́на f (kommúna)

Adjective

commune

1. feminine singular of commun

Derived terms

• sans commune mesure

Further reading

• “commune”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

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Italian

Adjective

1. Obsolete form of comune.

Noun

commune m (plural communi)

1. Obsolete form of comune.

Derived terms

• communità

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Latin

Adjective

(deprecated template usage) commūne

1. nominative neuter singular of commūnis
2. accusative neuter singular of commūnis
3. vocative neuter singular of commūnis

References

• “commune”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “commune”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• commune in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• commune in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • (ambiguous) we know from experience: usu rerum (vitae, vitae communis) edocti sumus
    
  • (ambiguous) unanimously: uno, communi, summo or omnium consensu (Tusc. 1. 15. 35)
    
  • (ambiguous) the ordinary usage of language, everyday speech: communis sermonis consuetudo
    
  • (ambiguous) to be always considering what people think: multum communi hominum opinioni tribuere