cumulus

English

A cumulus cloud.

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin cumulus. Doublet of comble.

Pronunciation

• (UK, US) IPA^(key): /ˈkjuː.mjə.ləs/

  • Audio (Southern England):

    (file)

• Rhymes: -uːmjələs
• Hyphenation: cu‧mu‧lus

Noun

cumulus (plural cumuli)

1. A large white, puffy cloud that develops through convection.
   • 1878 November 8, C. Todd, “Observations at the Adelaide Observatory”, in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, volume 39, number 1, page 18:

     In the sketch (which is taken about 75 Jovian days after that of the 2nd July) there is shown a dark copper-coloured streak along the southern margin of the south brown belt, butting on to a bluff-headed streak of cumulus cloud which may be the same remarkable bluff head noticed on July 2.

   • 1919, Henry B[lake] Fuller, “Cope Enlivens the Country”, in Bertram Cope’s Year: A Novel, Chicago, Ill.: Ralph Fletcher Seymour, The Alderbrink Press, →OCLC, page 102:

     There were some new cumuli in the east, out above the water, and they began to take the late afternoon sun.

   • 2007 September 1, "Who’s afraid of Google?: The world’s internet superpower faces testing times", in The Economist, The Economist Newspaper Ltd, ISSN 0013-0613, volume 384, number 8544, page 9,

     Ironically, there is something rather cloudlike about the multiple complaints surrounding Google. The issues are best parted into two cumuli: a set of “public” arguments about how to regulate Google; and a set of “private” ones for Google’s managers, to do with the strategy the firm needs to get through the coming storm.

2. A mound or heap.

Derived terms

• cumulus oophorus
• fumulus
• pyrocumulus
• roll cumulus
• stratocumulus

Translations

white, puffy cloud

• Bulgarian: кълбест облак m (kǎlbest oblak)
• Catalan: cúmul (ca) m
• Chinese:

  Cantonese: 積雲 / 积云 (zik¹ wan⁴)

  Mandarin: 積雲 / 积云 (zh) (jīyún)

• Dutch: stapelwolk (nl) m or f
• Finnish: kumpupilvi (fi)
• German: Quellwolke (de) f, Haufenwolke (de) f, Kumuluswolke f, Kumulus m, Cumulus (de) m
• Hungarian: gomolyfelhő (hu), kumulusz (hu)
• Interlingua: cumulo
• Italian: cumulo (it) m
• Japanese: 積雲 (ja) (せきうん, sekiun)
• Korean: 적운 (ko) (jeogun)
• Latin: cumulus m, nubes cumula f,
• Latvian: gubu mākonis
• Macedonian: кумулус m (kumulus)
• Māori: kapua whakapipi, kappa taipua, taipua
• Polish: obłok (pl)
• Portuguese: cúmulo (pt) m
• Romanian: cumulus (ro) m
• Russian: кучевое (kučevoje) облако (ru) (oblako)
• Spanish: cúmulo (es) m
• Swedish: cumulusmoln (sv) n
• Tagalog: buntuning alapaap
• Turkish: kümülüs (tr)

mound or heap

• Bulgarian: куп (bg) m (kup), купчина (bg) f (kupčina)
• Finnish: kasa (fi)
• Japanese: 堆積 (ja) (たいせき, taiseki)
• Portuguese: cúmulo (pt) m, acúmulo (pt) m, monte (pt) m, pilha (pt) f

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

• Italian: cumulo (it) m (1,2)

Finnish

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin cumulus.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkumulus/, [ˈkumulus̠]
• Rhymes: -umulus
• Syllabification^(key): cu‧mu‧lus
• Hyphenation^(key): cu‧mu‧lus

Noun

cumulus

1. cumulus (cloud)

Declension

Inflection of cumulus (Kotus type 39/vastaus, no gradation)
nominative		cumulus	cumulukset
genitive		cumuluksen	cumulusten cumuluksien
partitive		cumulusta	cumuluksia
illative		cumulukseen	cumuluksiin
		singular	plural
nominative		cumulus	cumulukset
accusative	nom.	cumulus	cumulukset
	gen.	cumuluksen
genitive		cumuluksen	cumulusten cumuluksien
partitive		cumulusta	cumuluksia
inessive		cumuluksessa	cumuluksissa
elative		cumuluksesta	cumuluksista
illative		cumulukseen	cumuluksiin
adessive		cumuluksella	cumuluksilla
ablative		cumulukselta	cumuluksilta
allative		cumulukselle	cumuluksille
essive		cumuluksena	cumuluksina
translative		cumulukseksi	cumuluksiksi
abessive		cumuluksetta	cumuluksitta
instructive		—	cumuluksin
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of cumulus (Kotus type 39/vastaus, no gradation)

first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative cumulukseni cumulukseni accusative nom. cumulukseni cumulukseni gen. cumulukseni genitive cumulukseni cumulusteni cumuluksieni partitive cumulustani cumuluksiani inessive cumuluksessani cumuluksissani elative cumuluksestani cumuluksistani illative cumulukseeni cumuluksiini adessive cumuluksellani cumuluksillani ablative cumulukseltani cumuluksiltani allative cumulukselleni cumuluksilleni essive cumuluksenani cumuluksinani translative cumuluksekseni cumuluksikseni abessive cumuluksettani cumuluksittani instructive — — comitative — cumuluksineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative cumuluksesi cumuluksesi accusative nom. cumuluksesi cumuluksesi gen. cumuluksesi genitive cumuluksesi cumulustesi cumuluksiesi partitive cumulustasi cumuluksiasi inessive cumuluksessasi cumuluksissasi elative cumuluksestasi cumuluksistasi illative cumulukseesi cumuluksiisi adessive cumuluksellasi cumuluksillasi ablative cumulukseltasi cumuluksiltasi allative cumuluksellesi cumuluksillesi essive cumuluksenasi cumuluksinasi translative cumulukseksesi cumuluksiksesi abessive cumuluksettasi cumuluksittasi instructive — — comitative — cumuluksinesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative cumuluksemme cumuluksemme accusative nom. cumuluksemme cumuluksemme gen. cumuluksemme genitive cumuluksemme cumulustemme cumuluksiemme partitive cumulustamme cumuluksiamme inessive cumuluksessamme cumuluksissamme elative cumuluksestamme cumuluksistamme illative cumulukseemme cumuluksiimme adessive cumuluksellamme cumuluksillamme ablative cumulukseltamme cumuluksiltamme allative cumuluksellemme cumuluksillemme essive cumuluksenamme cumuluksinamme translative cumulukseksemme cumuluksiksemme abessive cumuluksettamme cumuluksittamme instructive — — comitative — cumuluksinemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative cumuluksenne cumuluksenne accusative nom. cumuluksenne cumuluksenne gen. cumuluksenne genitive cumuluksenne cumulustenne cumuluksienne partitive cumulustanne cumuluksianne inessive cumuluksessanne cumuluksissanne elative cumuluksestanne cumuluksistanne illative cumulukseenne cumuluksiinne adessive cumuluksellanne cumuluksillanne ablative cumulukseltanne cumuluksiltanne allative cumuluksellenne cumuluksillenne essive cumuluksenanne cumuluksinanne translative cumulukseksenne cumuluksiksenne abessive cumuluksettanne cumuluksittanne instructive — — comitative — cumuluksinenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative cumuluksensa cumuluksensa accusative nom. cumuluksensa cumuluksensa gen. cumuluksensa genitive cumuluksensa cumulustensa cumuluksiensa partitive cumulustaan cumulustansa cumuluksiaan cumuluksiansa inessive cumuluksessaan cumuluksessansa cumuluksissaan cumuluksissansa elative cumuluksestaan cumuluksestansa cumuluksistaan cumuluksistansa illative cumulukseensa cumuluksiinsa adessive cumuluksellaan cumuluksellansa cumuluksillaan cumuluksillansa ablative cumulukseltaan cumulukseltansa cumuluksiltaan cumuluksiltansa allative cumulukselleen cumuluksellensa cumuluksilleen cumuluksillensa essive cumuluksenaan cumuluksenansa cumuluksinaan cumuluksinansa translative cumuluksekseen cumulukseksensa cumuluksikseen cumuluksiksensa abessive cumuluksettaan cumuluksettansa cumuluksittaan cumuluksittansa instructive — — comitative — cumuluksineen cumuluksinensa

Synonyms

• cumuluspilvi
• kumpupilvi

Derived terms

compounds

• cumuluspilvi

Further reading

• “cumulus”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎^[1] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2 July 2023

French

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin cumulus. Doublet of comble.

Pronunciation

• Audio (France (Toulouse)):

  (file)

• Audio (France (Vosges)):

  (file)

Noun

cumulus m (invariable)

1. cumulus

Further reading

• “cumulus”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012

Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *ḱu-m-olo (“heap”), from *ḱewh₁- (“to swell”); see also Ancient Greek κῦμᾰ (kûmă, “swell, wave”), Lithuanian saunas (“firm, fit, solid, capable”), and Sanskrit श्वयति (śvayati, “swell”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈkʊ.mʊ.ɫʊs]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈkuː.mu.lus]

Noun

cumulus m (genitive cumulī); second declension

1. heap, pile

   Synonyms: acervus, moles, massa

2. surplus
3. summit

Declension

Second-declension noun.

	singular	plural
nominative	cumulus	cumulī
genitive	cumulī	cumulōrum
dative	cumulō	cumulīs
accusative	cumulum	cumulōs
ablative	cumulō	cumulīs
vocative	cumule	cumulī

Derived terms

• cumulō

Descendants

Descendants

• Asturian: comulgu⇒ comuelgu, cogüelmu, cogolmu
• → Catalan: cúmul
• French: comble, → cumulus
  • → Catalan: comble
  • → Spanish: comble
• Italian: cumolo, → cumulo
• Portuguese: cômoro, combro, → cúmulo
• → Spanish: cúmulo (learned)
• → Proto-Brythonic: *kuml (see there for further descendants)
• → English: cumulus
• → Finnish: cumulus
• ⇒ Vulgar Latin: *culumus
  • Catalan: gom
  • Spanish: colmo
  • → Greek: κούλουμα (koúlouma)

Further reading

• “cumulus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “cumulus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "cumulus", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “cumulus”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎^[2], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • his crowning happiness is produced by a thing; the culminating point of his felicity is..: ad felicitatem (magnus) cumulus accedit ex aliqua re
    
  • his crowning happiness is produced by a thing; the culminating point of his felicity is..: aliquid felicitatis cumulum affert
    
  • to add the crowning point to a person's joy: cumulum gaudii alicui afferre (vid. sect. V. 6) (Fam. 16. 21. 1)
    
• cumulus in Ramminger, Johann (16 July 2016 (last accessed)), Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎^[3], pre-publication website, 2005-2016

Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed from French cumulus, from Latin cumulus.

Noun

cumulus m (uncountable)

1. cumulus

Declension

singular only	indefinite	definite
nominative-accusative	cumulus	cumulusul
genitive-dative	cumulus	cumulusului
vocative	cumulusule