doleo

Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *doleō (“to hurt, cause pain”), from Proto-Indo-European *dolh₁éyeti (“to divide”), from *delh₁- (“to cut”). The sense development is thus assumed to be that "divide" came to mean "divide someone into pieces, hurt".^[1] Compare dolō (“hew, fashion, devise”).

Compare typologically Russian ломота́ (lomotá) (< ломи́ть (lomítʹ)). Also compare the terms with the opposite meaning English heal, health (akin to whole), Russian цели́ть (celítʹ), исцеля́ть (isceljátʹ) (akin to це́лый (célyj)).

Also compare expressions like: fragile health, хрупкое (xrupkoje) здоро́вье (zdoróvʹje); splitting headache, голова́ (golová) раска́лывается (raskályvajetsja).

For the 'to be sorry, to grieve for' meaning, compare typologically сокруша́ться (sokrušátʹsja) (akin to круши́ть (krušítʹ)). See also Latin condoleō.

Pronunciation

(Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈdɔ.ɫe.oː]
(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈdɔː.le.o]

Verb

doleō (present infinitive dolēre, perfect active doluī, supine dolitum); second conjugation, no passive

(intransitive) to hurt, suffer (physical pain)
- Pliny the Younger:
  Paete, nōn dolet
  Paetus, it does not hurt
(intransitive, transitive) to be sorry, to grieve for, lament, deplore
- Bernard of Clairvaux (1090–1153):
  Vulgō dīcitur: quod nōn videt oculus, cor nōn dolet
  It is commonly said: What the eye does not see, the heart does not grieve

Conjugation

Conjugation of doleō (second conjugation, no passive)

indicative		singular				plural
indicative		first	second		third	first	second		third
active	present	doleō	dolēs		dolet	dolēmus	dolētis		dolent
	imperfect	dolēbam	dolēbās		dolēbat	dolēbāmus	dolēbātis		dolēbant
	future	dolēbō	dolēbis		dolēbit	dolēbimus	dolēbitis		dolēbunt
	perfect	doluī	doluistī		doluit	doluimus	doluistis		doluērunt, doluēre
	pluperfect	dolueram	doluerās		doluerat	doluerāmus	doluerātis		doluerant
	future perfect	doluerō	dolueris		doluerit	doluerimus	dolueritis		doluerint
subjunctive		singular				plural
subjunctive		first	second		third	first	second		third
active	present	doleam	doleās		doleat	doleāmus	doleātis		doleant
	imperfect	dolērem	dolērēs		dolēret	dolērēmus	dolērētis		dolērent
	perfect	doluerim	doluerīs		doluerit	doluerīmus	doluerītis		doluerint
	pluperfect	doluissem	doluissēs		doluisset	doluissēmus	doluissētis		doluissent
imperative		singular				plural
imperative		first	second		third	first	second		third
active	present	—	dolē		—	—	dolēte		—
active	future	—	dolētō		dolētō	—	dolētōte		dolentō
non-finite forms		infinitive				participle
non-finite forms		active		passive		active		passive
present		dolēre		—		dolēns		—
future		dolitūrum esse		—		dolitūrus		—
perfect		doluisse		—		—		—
perfect potential		dolitūrum fuisse		—		—		—
verbal nouns		gerund					supine
		genitive	dative		accusative	ablative	accusative		ablative
		dolendī	dolendō		dolendum	dolendō	dolitum		dolitū

Derived terms

Related terms

Descendants

Insular Romance:
- Sardinian: dolere, doliri, doli
Balkano-Romance:
- Aromanian: dor, dureari
- Istro-Romanian: dåre
- Megleno-Romanian: doari
- Romanian: durea, durere
Italo-Dalmatian:
- Corsican: dole
  Gallurese: dulì
  
  Sassarese: durì
- Dalmatian: dolar
- Italian: dolere, dolire
- Sicilian: dòliri, lòriri
- Venetan: dolér, giolér, giołér
Rhaeto-Romance:
- Friulian: dulî
- Romansh: dulair, dular, duler, duleir, dolair
Gallo-Italic:
- Ligurian: doî
Northern Gallo-Romance:
- Franco-Provençal: dolêr
- Old French: doloir, doleir, douloir, duleir, doudre, doler, dolir
  - French: douloir
  - Norman: doudre
Southern Gallo-Romance:
- Catalan: doldre, doler
- Old Occitan: doler
  - Occitan: dòler
Ibero-Romance:
- Aragonese: doler
- Old Galician-Portuguese: doer
  - Galician: doer
  - Portuguese: doer
- Old Leonese:
  - Asturian: doler
  - Extremaduran: dolel
  - Mirandese: doler
- Old Spanish: doler
  - Spanish: doler

References

^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “doleō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 176