excel

See also: Excel

English

Etymology

Latin excellere, excelsum; ex (“out”) + *cellō, an unattested verb root found in culmen (“height, top”); Compare French exceller. See also culminate, column.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɪkˈsɛl/

Verb

1. (transitive) To surpass someone or something; to be better or do better than someone or something.
   • 1936, Dale Carnegie, “Part 3, Chapter 6: THE SAFETY VALVE IN HANDLING COMPLAINTS”, in How to Win Friends and Influence People‎^[1], page 177:

     La Rochefoucauld, the French philosopher, said: "If you want enemies, excel your friends; but if you want friends, let your friends excel you." Why is that true? Because when our friends excel us, that gives them a feeling of importance; but when we excel them, that gives them a feeling of inferiority and arouses envy and jealousy.

   I excelled everyone else with my exam results.

2. (intransitive) To be much better than others.
   • 2011 November 12, “International friendly: England 1-0 Spain”, in BBC Sport‎^[2]:

     Lescott gave his finest England performance alongside his former Everton team-mate Phil Jagielka, who also excelled despite playing with a fractured toe, while Parker was given a deserved standing ovation when he was substituted late on.

   • 1924: Aristotle, Metaphysics. Translated by W. D. Ross. Nashotah, Wisconsin, USA: The Classical Library, 2001. Book 1, Part 2..

     If, then, there is something in what the poets say, and jealousy is natural to the divine power, it would probably occur in this case above all, and all who excelled in this knowledge would be unfortunate.

3. (rare) To exceed, to go beyond
   • 1674, John Milton, Paradise lost, book II

     She opened; but to shut / Excelled her power: the gates wide open stood […]

   • XIX century, I reason, Earth is short, by Emily Dickinson

     I reason, we could die : / The best vitality / Cannot excel decay; / But what of that?

Synonyms

• (to surpass someone or something): better, excel, outclass, outperform; see also Thesaurus:exceed
• (to be much better than others): rock, rule
• (to go beyond): exceed, overstep, surpass, transgress, transcend; see also Thesaurus:transcend

Related terms

• excellence
• excellent

Translations

transitive: to surpass someone or something

• Bulgarian: превъзхождам (bg) (prevǎzhoždam)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 勝過／胜过 (zh) (shèngguò), 胜过 (zh) (shèngguò), 優於／优于 (zh) (yōuyú), 優於／优于 (zh) (yōuyú), 超越 (zh) (chāoyuè)

• Czech: překonat
• Esperanto: superi
• Estonian: ületama (et)
• Finnish: olla parempi
• French: dépasser (fr)
• Galician: adiantar, avantaxar, sobrepasar, superar (gl)
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}
• German: ausstechen (de), übersteigen (de), übertreffen (de)
• Hungarian: felülmúl (hu), túltesz (hu)
• Italian: superare (it)
• Japanese: 超える (ja) (こえる, koeru), 越える (ja) (こえる, koeru), 秀でる (ja) (ひいでる, hiideru)
• Latin: praecellō
• Nahuatl: tlamiauati
• Portuguese: superar (pt), ultrapassar (pt), exceler (pt)
• Russian: превосходи́ть (ru) impf (prevosxodítʹ), превзойти́ (ru) pf (prevzojtí)
• Spanish: aventajar (es), superar (es)
• Swedish: överglänsa

intransitive: to be much better than others

• Bulgarian: отличавам се (otličavam se)
• Catalan: excel·lir (ca)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 擅長／擅长 (zh) (shàncháng), 擅长 (zh) (shàncháng)

• Czech: vynikat
• Dutch: uitblinken (nl)
• Esperanto: superi
• Estonian: hiilgama
• Finnish: loistaa (fi), olla erittäin hyvä
• French: dépasser (fr)
• Galician: destacar (gl), sobresaír (gl)
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}
• German: sich hervortun
• Hebrew: הצטיין (hitztayén)
• Hungarian: kimagaslik (hu), kiemelkedik (hu), jeleskedik, kitűnik (hu)
• Ido: ecelar (io)
• Italian: superare (it), eccellere (it), brillare (it), primeggiare (it), spiccare (it)
• Japanese: 超える (ja) (こえる, koeru), 越える (ja) (こえる, koeru)
• Latin: praecellō
• Portuguese: distinguir-se
• Russian: выделя́ться (ru) (vydeljátʹsja)
• Spanish: sobresalir (es), distinguirse (es)
• Swedish: excellera (sv), briljera (sv), glänsa (sv), stila (sv)

References

• “excel”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.