gratulor

Ido

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡratuˈlɔr/
• Rhymes: -ɔr
• Hyphenation: gra‧tul‧or

Verb

gratulor

1. future infinitive of gratular

Latin

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *gʷerH-

Proto-Indo-European *-tós

Proto-Indo-European *gʷr̥Htós

Proto-Italic *gʷrātos

Latin grātus

Proto-Indo-European *-lós

Proto-Indo-European *-elós

Proto-Italic *-elos

Latin -ulus

Latin *grātulus

Proto-Indo-European *-h₂

Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂

Proto-Indo-European *-yéti

Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti

Proto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.

Proto-Italic *-ājō

Proto-Italic *-āō

Latin -or

?

Proto-Indo-European *gʷerH-der.

Proto-Italic *gʷrātis

Old Latin *grātis

Latin grātēs

Proto-Indo-European *telh₂-

Proto-Indo-European *-né-

Proto-Indo-European *tl̥néh₂ti ~ *tl̥nh₂énti

Proto-Italic *tolnō

Latin tollō

Latin -tulor

Latin *grātitulor?

Latin grātulor

Disputed. Possible solutions are:

• From *grātulus +‎ -or, from grātus (“beloved, dear, acceptable, pleasing, agreeable”) +‎ -ulus (diminutive suffix). Confer grātor (“to manifest joy, wish joy, congratulate, rejoice with, rejoice”).
• Haplologized from *grātitulor, from grātēs (“thanks, thanksgiving”) +‎ -tulor, the latter from the root of tollō (“to lift, take up, raise, elevate, exalt”). Confer vītulor (“to cheer, exult”).

Both derivations lead ultimately to the same root, Proto-Indo-European *gʷerH- (“to praise”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈɡraː.tʊ.ɫɔr]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈɡraː.tu.lor]
• Hyphenation: grā‧tu‧lor

Verb

grātulor (present infinitive grātulārī, perfect active grātulātus sum); first conjugation, deponent

1. (intransitive) to congratulate (to express one's sympathetic pleasure or joy to the person(s) it is felt for) [with dative ‘somebody’, along with dē (+ ablative) or (rare) in (+ ablative) or (rare) prō (+ ablative) or object (rare) clause ‘on something’]

   Synonyms: congrātulor, grātor

2. to rejoice

   Synonyms: ovō, exsultō, exhilarō, gaudeō, congrātulor, fruor

   Antonym: displiceō

3. to give thanks

Conjugation

   Conjugation of grātulor (first conjugation, deponent)

indicative		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	grātulor		grātulāris, grātulāre		grātulātur		grātulāmur		grātulāminī		grātulantur
	imperfect	grātulābar		grātulābāris, grātulābāre		grātulābātur		grātulābāmur		grātulābāminī		grātulābantur
	future	grātulābor		grātulāberis, grātulābere		grātulābitur		grātulābimur		grātulābiminī		grātulābuntur
	perfect	grātulātus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	grātulātus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	grātulātus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	grātuler		grātulēris, grātulēre		grātulētur		grātulēmur		grātulēminī		grātulentur
	imperfect	grātulārer		grātulārēris, grātulārēre		grātulārētur		grātulārēmur		grātulārēminī		grātulārentur
	perfect	grātulātus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	grātulātus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	—		grātulāre		—		—		grātulāminī		—
	future	—		grātulātor		grātulātor		—		—		grātulantor
non-finite forms		infinitive						participle
		active			passive			active			passive
present		grātulārī			—			grātulāns			—
future		grātulātūrum esse			—			grātulātūrus			grātulandus
perfect		grātulātum esse			—			grātulātus			—
future perfect		grātulātum fore			—			—			—
perfect potential		grātulātūrum fuisse			—			—			—
verbal nouns		gerund								supine
		genitive		dative		accusative		ablative		accusative		ablative
		grātulandī		grātulandō		grātulandum		grātulandō		grātulātum		grātulātū

Derived terms

• adgrātulor
• congrātulor
• grātulābundus
• grātulātiō
• grātulātōrius

Descendants

• → Alemannic German: glateliere
• → Czech: gratulovat
• → Danish: gratulere
• → English: gratulate
• → German: gratulieren
• → Hungarian: gratulál
• → Norwegian:
  • → Norwegian Bokmål: gratulere
  • → Norwegian Nynorsk: gratulere, gratulera
• → Polish: gratulować
• → Swedish: gratulera

References

• “grātŭlor”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• grātulor in Georges, Karl Ernst; Georges, Heinrich (1913–1918), Ausführliches lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch, 8th edition, volume 1, Hahnsche Buchhandlung, column 2969
• R. E. Latham, D. R. Howlett, & R. K. Ashdowne, editors (1975–2013), “gratulari”, in Dictionary of Medieval Latin from British Sources‎^[1], London: Oxford University Press for the British Academy, →ISBN, →OCLC
• “grātŭlor”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette, page 724, column 3.
• Harm Pinkster, editor (2018), “grātulor”, in Woordenboek Latijn/Nederlands‎^[2], 7th revised edition, Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, →ISBN, →OCLC
• Latino-Sinicum [ = 慶賀人/庆贺人 (qìnghè rén), 感謝／感谢 (gǎnxiè); ~lor ei hanc rem vel dē hāc rē = 賀彼得此好事/贺彼得此好事 (hè bǐ dé cǐ hǎoshì)], in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011
• "GRATULARI", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “grātulor”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers

Further reading

• De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “grātus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 271–272: “‘thankful, grateful; pleasant, charming’ [adj. o/ā] (Pl.+)”
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎^[3], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to congratulate a person on something: gratulari alicui aliquid or de aliqua re
    
  • to congratulate a person on his victory: victoriam or de victoria gratulari alicui