infra

See also: infra-

English

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɪn.fɹə/

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Latin infra (“below”).

Adverb

infra (not comparable)

1. (law) Discussed later.

Antonyms

• supra

Derived terms

• infra dig

Related terms

• vide infra

Etymology 2

Noun

infra (countable and uncountable, plural infras)

1. (civil engineering, computing, informal) Clipping of infrastructure.
   • 2005, Kyung-Bae Chang et al., “Meteorological Phenomena Measurement System Using the Wireless Network”, in Rajiv Khosla, Robert J. Howlett, Lakhmi C. Jain, editors, Knowledge-Based Intelligent Information and Engineering Systems, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, →DOI, page 861:

     However, as the nations 70% is^[sic] covered with mountains, gathering of the meteorological information of particular regions (mountains, canyons, islands etc) by wired transmission system is difficult and it costs a lot of money. This is one of the obstacles of the construction of an infra for the prevention of disasters caused by meteorological changes.

   • 2012, T. Mäkeläinen, J. Hyvärinen, J. Peura, “BIM practices and challenges framed – an approach to systemic change management”, in Gudni Gudnason, Raimar Scherer, editors, eWork and eBusiness in Architecture, Engineering and Construction, CRC Press, →ISBN, page 498:

     In this paper we focus on the context of infra construction and development – the problem being: lack of relevant tools for management of BIM [building information modelling] implementation actions.

   • 2014, Yoojin Lim, Eunmi Choi, “Mobile Cloud Computing Architectural Design Taxonomy toward the ‘Cloud Computing in Hand’ Era”, in Young-Sik Jeong et al., editors, Ubiquitous Information Technologies and Applications, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, →DOI, page 519:

     Technologies in cloud computing have become mature in the infra systems and cloud server-level service providers, which have kept the infra system technologies as the data centers, server clusters, virtualization, service providers by extending services of Private Cloud.

   • 2015 April 2, James Somers, quoting Mark Zuckerberg, “Toolkits for the Mind”, in MIT Technology Review‎^[1]:

     (Last year Zuckerberg announced a new engineering slogan: “Move fast with stable infra,” using the hacker shorthand for the infrastructure that keeps the site running.)

Anagrams

• Irfan, frain, FINRA, Frain

Finnish

Etymology

Clipping of infrastruktuuri.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈinfrɑ/, [ˈiɱ.frɑ̝]
• Rhymes: -infrɑ
• Syllabification^(key): inf‧ra
• Hyphenation^(key): inf‧ra

Noun

infra (informal)

1. infra (infrastructure)

Declension

Inflection of infra (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation)
nominative		infra	infrat
genitive		infran	infrojen
partitive		infraa	infroja
illative		infraan	infroihin
		singular	plural
nominative		infra	infrat
accusative	nom.	infra	infrat
	gen.	infran
genitive		infran	infrojen infrain rare
partitive		infraa	infroja
inessive		infrassa	infroissa
elative		infrasta	infroista
illative		infraan	infroihin
adessive		infralla	infroilla
ablative		infralta	infroilta
allative		infralle	infroille
essive		infrana	infroina
translative		infraksi	infroiksi
abessive		infratta	infroitta
instructive		—	infroin
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of infra (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation)

first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative infrani infrani accusative nom. infrani infrani gen. infrani genitive infrani infrojeni infraini rare partitive infraani infrojani inessive infrassani infroissani elative infrastani infroistani illative infraani infroihini adessive infrallani infroillani ablative infraltani infroiltani allative infralleni infroilleni essive infranani infroinani translative infrakseni infroikseni abessive infrattani infroittani instructive — — comitative — infroineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative infrasi infrasi accusative nom. infrasi infrasi gen. infrasi genitive infrasi infrojesi infraisi rare partitive infraasi infrojasi inessive infrassasi infroissasi elative infrastasi infroistasi illative infraasi infroihisi adessive infrallasi infroillasi ablative infraltasi infroiltasi allative infrallesi infroillesi essive infranasi infroinasi translative infraksesi infroiksesi abessive infrattasi infroittasi instructive — — comitative — infroinesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative inframme inframme accusative nom. inframme inframme gen. inframme genitive inframme infrojemme infraimme rare partitive infraamme infrojamme inessive infrassamme infroissamme elative infrastamme infroistamme illative infraamme infroihimme adessive infrallamme infroillamme ablative infraltamme infroiltamme allative infrallemme infroillemme essive infranamme infroinamme translative infraksemme infroiksemme abessive infrattamme infroittamme instructive — — comitative — infroinemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative infranne infranne accusative nom. infranne infranne gen. infranne genitive infranne infrojenne infrainne rare partitive infraanne infrojanne inessive infrassanne infroissanne elative infrastanne infroistanne illative infraanne infroihinne adessive infrallanne infroillanne ablative infraltanne infroiltanne allative infrallenne infroillenne essive infrananne infroinanne translative infraksenne infroiksenne abessive infrattanne infroittanne instructive — — comitative — infroinenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative infransa infransa accusative nom. infransa infransa gen. infransa genitive infransa infrojensa infrainsa rare partitive infraansa infrojaan infrojansa inessive infrassaan infrassansa infroissaan infroissansa elative infrastaan infrastansa infroistaan infroistansa illative infraansa infroihinsa adessive infrallaan infrallansa infroillaan infroillansa ablative infraltaan infraltansa infroiltaan infroiltansa allative infralleen infrallensa infroilleen infroillensa essive infranaan infranansa infroinaan infroinansa translative infrakseen infraksensa infroikseen infroiksensa abessive infrattaan infrattansa infroittaan infroittansa instructive — — comitative — infroineen infroinensa

Derived terms

compounds

• infrasauna
• infraääni

Further reading

• “infra”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎^[2] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2 July 2023

French

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɛ̃.fʁa/

• Audio (France (Lyon)):

  (file)

Adverb

infra

1. infra

Noun

infra m (plural infras)

1. infra (infrastructure)

Further reading

• “infra”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012

Istriot

Preposition

infra

1. among
   • 1877, Antonio Ive, Canti popolari istriani: raccolti a Rovigno, volume 5, Ermanno Loescher, page 40:

     Ti me pari oûna dea infra li dai,

     You seem to me a goddess among the gods,

Italian

Adverb

infra

1. only used in vedi infra

Anagrams

• frani

Latin

Etymology

Adverb contracted from the ablative īnferā (parte), of īnferus. Compare Faliscan 𐌉𐌅𐌓𐌀 (ifra), Oscan 𐌇𐌖𐌍𐌕𐌓𐌖𐌔 (huntrus), Umbrian 𐌇𐌏𐌍𐌃𐌓𐌀 (hondra).

The accusative is from the adverbial derivation.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈĩː.fraː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈiɱ.fra]

Adverb

īnfrā (comparative īnferius, no superlative)

1. below

Antonyms

• suprā

Descendants

• → English: infra (learned)
• → French: infra (learned)
• → French: infra (learned)
• → Portuguese: infra (learned)

Preposition

īnfrā (+ accusative)

1. below

Antonyms

• suprā

Descendants

• > Friulian: fra (inherited)
• Istriot: infra
• > Italian: fra (inherited)
• Judeo-Italian: אֵינְפֵֿירַה (ʔenəp̄erah /⁠enfera⁠/)
• Venetan: infrà
• → English: infra- (learned)
• → French: infra- (learned)
• → Indonesian: infra- (learned)
• → Italian: infra- (learned)
• → Dutch: infra- (learned)
• → Portuguese: infra- (learned)
• → Spanish: infra- (learned)
• ⇒ Finnish: infra- (internationalism)

References

• “infra”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “infra”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "infra", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “infra”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎^[3], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to feel superior to the affairs of life: res humanas infra se positas arbitrari
    
  • to consider a thing beneath one's dignity: aliquid infra se ducere or infra se positum arbitrari
    
  • as I said above: ut supra (opp. infra) diximus, dictum est