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kaula

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: kaulā

Finnish

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Etymology

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From Proto-Finnic *kakla, borrowed from Proto-Baltic *kaklas, compare Lithuanian kaklas. Cognate with Estonian kael. Distant doublet of chakra, kekri, and sykli.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈkɑu̯lɑ/, [ˈkɑ̝u̯lɑ̝]
  • Rhymes: -ɑulɑ
  • Syllabification(key): kau‧la
  • Hyphenation(key): kau‧la

Noun

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kaula

  1. neck (part of the body connecting the head and the trunk)
  2. neck, throat (narrow or tapered part of something inanimate)
  3. (sports) lead; distance between a frontrunner and the other competitors

Declension

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Inflection of kaula (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation)
nominative kaula kaulat
genitive kaulan kaulojen
partitive kaulaa kauloja
illative kaulaan kauloihin
singular plural
nominative kaula kaulat
accusative nom. kaula kaulat
gen. kaulan
genitive kaulan kaulojen
kaulain rare
partitive kaulaa kauloja
inessive kaulassa kauloissa
elative kaulasta kauloista
illative kaulaan kauloihin
adessive kaulalla kauloilla
ablative kaulalta kauloilta
allative kaulalle kauloille
essive kaulana kauloina
translative kaulaksi kauloiksi
abessive kaulatta kauloitta
instructive — kauloin
comitative See the possessive forms below.
Possessive forms of kaula (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation)
first-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative kaulani kaulani
accusative nom. kaulani kaulani
gen. kaulani
genitive kaulani kaulojeni
kaulaini rare
partitive kaulaani kaulojani
inessive kaulassani kauloissani
elative kaulastani kauloistani
illative kaulaani kauloihini
adessive kaulallani kauloillani
ablative kaulaltani kauloiltani
allative kaulalleni kauloilleni
essive kaulanani kauloinani
translative kaulakseni kauloikseni
abessive kaulattani kauloittani
instructive — —
comitative — kauloineni
second-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative kaulasi kaulasi
accusative nom. kaulasi kaulasi
gen. kaulasi
genitive kaulasi kaulojesi
kaulaisi rare
partitive kaulaasi kaulojasi
inessive kaulassasi kauloissasi
elative kaulastasi kauloistasi
illative kaulaasi kauloihisi
adessive kaulallasi kauloillasi
ablative kaulaltasi kauloiltasi
allative kaulallesi kauloillesi
essive kaulanasi kauloinasi
translative kaulaksesi kauloiksesi
abessive kaulattasi kauloittasi
instructive — —
comitative — kauloinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative kaulamme kaulamme
accusative nom. kaulamme kaulamme
gen. kaulamme
genitive kaulamme kaulojemme
kaulaimme rare
partitive kaulaamme kaulojamme
inessive kaulassamme kauloissamme
elative kaulastamme kauloistamme
illative kaulaamme kauloihimme
adessive kaulallamme kauloillamme
ablative kaulaltamme kauloiltamme
allative kaulallemme kauloillemme
essive kaulanamme kauloinamme
translative kaulaksemme kauloiksemme
abessive kaulattamme kauloittamme
instructive — —
comitative — kauloinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative kaulanne kaulanne
accusative nom. kaulanne kaulanne
gen. kaulanne
genitive kaulanne kaulojenne
kaulainne rare
partitive kaulaanne kaulojanne
inessive kaulassanne kauloissanne
elative kaulastanne kauloistanne
illative kaulaanne kauloihinne
adessive kaulallanne kauloillanne
ablative kaulaltanne kauloiltanne
allative kaulallenne kauloillenne
essive kaulananne kauloinanne
translative kaulaksenne kauloiksenne
abessive kaulattanne kauloittanne
instructive — —
comitative — kauloinenne
third-person possessor
singular plural
nominative kaulansa kaulansa
accusative nom. kaulansa kaulansa
gen. kaulansa
genitive kaulansa kaulojensa
kaulainsa rare
partitive kaulaansa kaulojaan
kaulojansa
inessive kaulassaan
kaulassansa 		kauloissaan
kauloissansa
elative kaulastaan
kaulastansa 		kauloistaan
kauloistansa
illative kaulaansa kauloihinsa
adessive kaulallaan
kaulallansa 		kauloillaan
kauloillansa
ablative kaulaltaan
kaulaltansa 		kauloiltaan
kauloiltansa
allative kaulalleen
kaulallensa 		kauloilleen
kauloillensa
essive kaulanaan
kaulanansa 		kauloinaan
kauloinansa
translative kaulakseen
kaulaksensa 		kauloikseen
kauloiksensa
abessive kaulattaan
kaulattansa 		kauloittaan
kauloittansa
instructive — —
comitative — kauloineen
kauloinensa

Derived terms

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compounds

Further reading

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Anagrams

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Hawaiian

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Etymology

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From Proto-Polynesian *taura (compare with Samoan taula (“anchor”), Māori taura (“rope”) and Tongan toua)[1][2]

Noun

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kaula

  1. rope, cord, string
  2. arc of a circle

References

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  1. ^ Ross Clark and Simon J. Greenhill, editors (2011), “taura”, in “POLLEX-Online: The Polynesian Lexicon Project Online”, in Oceanic Linguistics, volume 50, number 2, pages 551-559
  2. ^ Pukui, Mary Kawena; Elbert, Samuel H. (1986), “pulu”, in Hawaiian Dictionary, revised & enlarged edition, Honolulu, HI: University of Hawai'i Press, →ISBN, page 136

Kimbundu

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Etymology

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Verb

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-kaula (infinitive kukaula)

  1. (transitive) to shorten, to abbreviate
  2. (transitive) to buy a product as a precaution against its presumed increase in price
  3. (intransitive) to anticipate

Descendants

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  • → Portuguese: caular

References

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  • Assis Junior, Antonio de (1967), “kaula”, in Dicionário Kimbundu-Português: Linguístico, Botânico, Histórico e Corográfico [Kimbundu–Portuguese Dictionary: Linguistic, Botanic, Historical and Chorographic] (in Portuguese), Luanda: Argente, Santos & C.a, L.da, page 191

Latvian

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Noun

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kaula m

  1. genitive singular of kauls

Malay

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Javanese kawula.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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kaula

  1. (Javanese) slave

Pronoun

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kaula

  1. (Javanese, possibly obsolete) I (me, my)
    Synonyms: aku, saya

Sundanese

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Sundanese register set
lemes abdi, kaula, kami, jisim abdi, abdi gusti
lemes ka sorangan {{{les}}}
lemes ka batur {{{leb}}}
loma kuring, urang, sim kuring, déwék, dékah, sorangan
cohag aing

Etymology

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Borrowed from Javanese kawula.

Pronoun

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kaula

  1. (lemes) I, me

Noun

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kaula

  1. slave
  2. servant
  3. subordinate

See also

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Sundanese personal pronouns
singular plural
1st person exclusive lemes abdi1,
sim kuring2 		abdi sadayana1, simkuring sadayana2
loma urang1,
kuring2,
kami3, 4 		kuring sareréa
cohag aing aing kabéhan
enclitic -ing † -
1st person inclusive lemes - urang samudayana
loma - arurang,
urang
2nd person lemes anjeun,
hidep5 		aranjeun,
haridep5
loma manéh,
silaing 		maranéh
cohag sia,
dia4 		saria,
sararia
3rd person lemes mantenna6,
anjeunna 		aranjeunna
loma manéhna, inya4,
nyana4,
inyana4 		maranéhna
cohag si éta -
enclitic -na -
reflexive lemes nyalira
loma sorangan,
diri

1 Informal.
2 Formal.
3 Expressing speaker's superiority.
4 Dialectal form.
5 Toward younger.
6 Respectful.

† Obsolete
Notes:
  • The personal pronouns may vary depending on the dialect.
  • The second person pronouns maybe replaced by kinship terms, titles, or the like.
  • The second and third person singular pronouns maybe used plurally.
See each entry for more information.
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