ladrar

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Galician[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Old Galician-Portuguese ladrar, from Latin lātrāre, present active infinitive of lātrō (“I bark”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Verb[edit]

ladrar (first-person singular present ladro, first-person singular preterite ladrei, past participle ladrado)

  1. to bark
    Synonym: latir
    • 1370, R. Lorenzo, editor, Crónica troiana. Introducción e texto, A Coruña: Fundación Barrié, page 438:
      Os çenoçéfalis an o rrostro moy longo en figura de cã; et nõ falã cõmo homes, mays ladrã cõmo cães, pero que an todo seu siso entrego.
      The Cynocephali have a very long face, such as that of a dog; and they don't speak as men, but they bark as dogs do, but still they have the whole of their intelligence
  2. (figurative) to complain
    Synonym: rosmar

Conjugation[edit]

    Conjugation of ladrar
Singular Plural
First-person
(eu) 		Second-person
(ti) 		Third-person
(el / ela / Vde.) 		First-person
(nós) 		Second-person
(vós) 		Third-person
(eles / elas / Vdes.)
Infinitive
Impersonal ladrar
Personal ladrar ladrares ladrar ladrarmos ladrardes ladraren
Gerund
ladrando
Past participle
Masculine ladrado ladrados
Feminine ladrada ladradas
Indicative
Present ladro ladras ladra ladramos ladrades ladran
Imperfect ladraba ladrabas ladraba ladrabamos ladrabades ladraban
Preterite ladrei ladraches ladrou ladramos ladrastes ladraron
Pluperfect ladrara ladraras ladrara ladraramos ladrarades ladraran
Future ladrarei ladrarás ladrará ladraremos ladraredes ladrarán
Conditional ladraría ladrarías ladraría ladrariamos ladrariades ladrarían
Subjunctive
Present ladre ladres ladre ladremos ladredes ladren
Imperfect ladrase ladrases ladrase ladrásemos ladrásedes ladrasen
Future ladrar ladrares ladrar ladrarmos ladrardes ladraren
Imperative
Affirmative ladra ladre ladremos ladrade ladren
Negative (non) non ladres non ladre non ladremos non ladredes non ladren
    Reintegrated conjugation of ladrar (See Appendix:Reintegrationism)
Singular Plural
First-person
(eu) 		Second-person
(ti / tu) 		Third-person
(ele / ela / você) 		First-person
(nós) 		Second-person
(vós) 		Third-person
(eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal ladrar
Personal ladrar ladrares ladrar ladrarmos ladrardes ladrarem
Gerund
ladrando
Past participle
Masculine ladrado ladrados
Feminine ladrada ladradas
Indicative
Present ladro ladras ladra ladramos ladrades, ladrais ladram
Imperfect ladrava ladravas ladrava ladrávamos ladrávades, ladráveis, ladrávais1 ladravam
Preterite ladrei ladraste, ladrache1 ladrou ladramos ladrastes ladrárom, ladraram
Pluperfect ladrara ladraras ladrara ladráramos ladrárades, ladráreis, ladrárais1 ladraram
Future ladrarei ladrarás ladrará ladraremos ladraredes, ladrareis ladrarám, ladrarão
Conditional ladraria ladrarias ladraria ladraríamos ladraríades, ladraríeis, ladraríais1 ladrariam
Subjunctive
Present ladre ladres ladre ladremos ladredes, ladreis ladrem
Imperfect ladrasse ladrasses ladrasse ladrássemos ladrássedes, ladrásseis ladrassem
Future ladrar ladrares ladrar ladrarmos ladrardes ladrarem
Imperative
Affirmative ladra ladre ladremos ladrade, ladrai ladrem
Negative (nom) nom ladres nom ladre nom ladremos nom ladredes, nom ladreis nom ladrem

1Less recommended.

Derived terms[edit]

References[edit]

  • “ladrar” in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval, SLI - ILGA 2006–2022.
  • “ladr” in Xavier Varela Barreiro & Xavier Gómez Guinovart: Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval. SLI / Grupo TALG / ILG, 2006–2018.
  • “ladrar” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006–2013.
  • “ladrar” in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega, Royal Galician Academy.
  • “ladrar” in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago: ILG.
  • “ladrar” in Dicionário Estraviz de galego (2014).
  • “ladrar” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.

Portuguese[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Old Galician-Portuguese ladrar, from Latin lātrāre (“to bark”).

Pronunciation[edit]

 
 
  • (Portugal) IPA(key): /lɐˈdɾaɾ/ [lɐˈðɾaɾ]
    • (Southern Portugal) IPA(key): /lɐˈdɾa.ɾi/ [lɐˈðɾa.ɾi]

  • Hyphenation: la‧drar

Verb[edit]

ladrar (first-person singular present ladro, first-person singular preterite ladrei, past participle ladrado)

  1. (of dogs) to bark
    Synonym: latir

Conjugation[edit]

    Conjugation of ladrar (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)
Singular Plural
First-person
(eu) 		Second-person
(tu) 		Third-person
(ele / ela / você) 		First-person
(nós) 		Second-person
(vós) 		Third-person
(eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal ladrar
Personal ladrar ladrares ladrar ladrarmos ladrardes ladrarem
Gerund
ladrando
Past participle
Masculine ladrado ladrados
Feminine ladrada ladradas
Indicative
Present ladro ladras ladra ladramos ladrais ladram
Imperfect ladrava ladravas ladrava ladrávamos ladráveis ladravam
Preterite ladrei ladraste ladrou ladramos1, ladrámos2 ladrastes ladraram
Pluperfect ladrara ladraras ladrara ladráramos ladráreis ladraram
Future ladrarei ladrarás ladrará ladraremos ladrareis ladrarão
Conditional ladraria ladrarias ladraria ladraríamos ladraríeis ladrariam
Subjunctive
Present ladre ladres ladre ladremos ladreis ladrem
Imperfect ladrasse ladrasses ladrasse ladrássemos ladrásseis ladrassem
Future ladrar ladrares ladrar ladrarmos ladrardes ladrarem
Imperative
Affirmative ladra ladre ladremos ladrai ladrem
Negative (não) não ladres não ladre não ladremos não ladreis não ladrem

1Brazilian Portuguese.
2European Portuguese.

Derived terms[edit]

See also[edit]

Spanish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Inherited from Old Spanish ladrar, from Latin lātrāre. Compare English latrate.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /laˈdɾaɾ/ [laˈð̞ɾaɾ]
  • Audio (Colombia):(file)
  • Rhymes: -aɾ
  • Syllabification: la‧drar

Verb[edit]

ladrar (first-person singular present ladro, first-person singular preterite ladré, past participle ladrado)

  1. (intransitive, of dogs) to bark

Conjugation[edit]

    Conjugation of ladrar (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)
infinitive ladrar
gerund ladrando
past participle masculine feminine
singular ladrado ladrada
plural ladrados ladradas
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
indicative yo tú
vos 		él/ella/ello
usted 		nosotros
nosotras 		vosotros
vosotras 		ellos/ellas
ustedes
present ladro ladrastú
ladrásvos 		ladra ladramos ladráis ladran
imperfect ladraba ladrabas ladraba ladrábamos ladrabais ladraban
preterite ladré ladraste ladró ladramos ladrasteis ladraron
future ladraré ladrarás ladrará ladraremos ladraréis ladrarán
conditional ladraría ladrarías ladraría ladraríamos ladraríais ladrarían
subjunctive yo tú
vos 		él/ella/ello
usted 		nosotros
nosotras 		vosotros
vosotras 		ellos/ellas
ustedes
present ladre ladrestú
ladrésvos2 		ladre ladremos ladréis ladren
imperfect
(ra) 		ladrara ladraras ladrara ladráramos ladrarais ladraran
imperfect
(se) 		ladrase ladrases ladrase ladrásemos ladraseis ladrasen
future1 ladrare ladrares ladrare ladráremos ladrareis ladraren
imperative — tú
vos 		usted nosotros
nosotras 		vosotros
vosotras 		ustedes
affirmative ladratú
ladrávos 		ladre ladremos ladrad ladren
negative no ladres no ladre no ladremos no ladréis no ladren

1Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
2Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

    Selected combined forms of ladrar

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
with infinitive ladrar
dative ladrarme ladrarte ladrarle, ladrarse ladrarnos ladraros ladrarles, ladrarse
accusative ladrarme ladrarte ladrarlo, ladrarla, ladrarse ladrarnos ladraros ladrarlos, ladrarlas, ladrarse
with gerund ladrando
dative ladrándome ladrándote ladrándole, ladrándose ladrándonos ladrándoos ladrándoles, ladrándose
accusative ladrándome ladrándote ladrándolo, ladrándola, ladrándose ladrándonos ladrándoos ladrándolos, ladrándolas, ladrándose
with informal second-person singular tú imperative ladra
dative ládrame ládrate ládrale ládranos not used ládrales
accusative ládrame ládrate ládralo, ládrala ládranos not used ládralos, ládralas
with informal second-person singular vos imperative ladrá
dative ladrame ladrate ladrale ladranos not used ladrales
accusative ladrame ladrate ladralo, ladrala ladranos not used ladralos, ladralas
with formal second-person singular imperative ladre
dative ládreme not used ládrele, ládrese ládrenos not used ládreles
accusative ládreme not used ládrelo, ládrela, ládrese ládrenos not used ládrelos, ládrelas
with first-person plural imperative ladremos
dative not used ladrémoste ladrémosle ladrémonos ladrémoos ladrémosles
accusative not used ladrémoste ladrémoslo, ladrémosla ladrémonos ladrémoos ladrémoslos, ladrémoslas
with informal second-person plural imperative ladrad
dative ladradme not used ladradle ladradnos ladraos ladradles
accusative ladradme not used ladradlo, ladradla ladradnos ladraos ladradlos, ladradlas
with formal second-person plural imperative ladren
dative ládrenme not used ládrenle ládrennos not used ládrenles, ládrense
accusative ládrenme not used ládrenlo, ládrenla ládrennos not used ládrenlos, ládrenlas, ládrense

Derived terms[edit]

Related terms[edit]

Further reading[edit]

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