maith

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Irish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Old Irish maith (compare Scottish Gaelic math and Manx mie), from Proto-Celtic *matis (compare Welsh and Breton mad, Cornish mas).

Pronunciation[edit]

Adjective[edit]

maith (genitive singular masculine maith, genitive singular feminine maithe, plural maithe, comparative fearr)

  1. good

Usage notes[edit]

  • Takes the adverbial construction go maith when used predicatively after a form of bí:
  • Tá an anraith seo go maith. ― This soup is good.

Declension[edit]

Declension of maith
Singular Plural (m/f)
Positive Masculine Feminine (strong noun) (weak noun)
Nominative maith mhaith maithe;
mhaithe²
Vocative mhaith maithe
Genitive maithe maithe maith
Dative maith;
mhaith¹ 		mhaith maithe;
mhaithe²
Comparative níos fearr
Superlative is fearr

¹ When the preceding noun is lenited and governed by the definite article.
² When the preceding noun ends in a slender consonant.

Derived terms[edit]

Noun[edit]

maith f (genitive singular maithe, nominative plural maithe)

  1. good, goodness

Declension[edit]

Declension of maith

Second declension

Bare forms

Case Singular Plural
Nominative maith maithe
Vocative a mhaith a mhaithe
Genitive maithe maithe
Dative maith maithe

Forms with the definite article

Case Singular Plural
Nominative an mhaith na maithe
Genitive na maithe na maithe
Dative leis an maith

don mhaith

leis na maithe

Verb[edit]

maith (present analytic maitheann, future analytic maithfidh, verbal noun maitheamh, past participle maite)

  1. forgive, pardon

Inflection[edit]

First Conjugation (A)
singular plural relative autonomous
first second third first second third
indicative present maithim maitheann tú;
maithir† 		maitheann sé, sí maithimid maitheann sibh maitheann siad;
maithid† 		a mhaitheann; a mhaitheas /
a maitheann*; a maitheas* 		maitear
past mhaith mé; mhaitheas mhaith tú; mhaithis mhaith sé, sí mhaitheamar; mhaith muid mhaith sibh; mhaitheabhair mhaith siad; mhaitheadar a mhaith /
ar mhaith* 		maitheadh
past habitual mhaithinn / maithinn‡‡ mhaiteá / maiteᇇ mhaitheadh sé, sí / maitheadh sé, s퇇 mhaithimis; mhaitheadh muid / maithimis‡‡; maitheadh muid‡‡ mhaitheadh sibh / maitheadh sibh‡‡ mhaithidís; mhaitheadh siad / maithidís‡‡; maitheadh siad‡‡ a mhaitheadh /
a maitheadh* 		mhaití / mait퇇
future maithfidh mé;
maithfead 		maithfidh tú;
maithfir† 		maithfidh sé, sí maithfimid;
maithfidh muid 		maithfidh sibh maithfidh siad;
maithfid† 		a mhaithfidh; a mhaithfeas /
a maithfidh*; a maithfeas* 		maithfear
conditional mhaithfinn / maithfinn‡‡ mhaithfeá / maithfeᇇ mhaithfeadh sé, sí / maithfeadh sé, s퇇 mhaithfimis; mhaithfeadh muid / maithfimis‡‡; maithfeadh muid‡‡ mhaithfeadh sibh / maithfeadh sibh‡‡ mhaithfidís; mhaithfeadh siad / maithfidís‡‡; maithfeadh siad‡‡ a mhaithfeadh /
a maithfeadh* 		mhaithfí / maithf퇇
subjunctive present go maithe mé;
go maithead† 		go maithe tú;
go maithir† 		go maithe sé, sí go maithimid;
go maithe muid 		go maithe sibh go maithe siad;
go maithid† 		— go maitear
past dá maithinn dá maiteá dá maitheadh sé, sí dá maithimis;
dá maitheadh muid 		dá maitheadh sibh dá maithidís;
dá maitheadh siad 		— dá maití
imperative maithim maith maitheadh sé, sí maithimis maithigí;
maithidh† 		maithidís — maitear
verbal noun maitheamh
past participle maite

* Indirect relative
† Archaic or dialect form
‡‡ Dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

Mutation[edit]

Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Eclipsis
maith mhaith not applicable
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading[edit]

Old Irish[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Proto-Celtic *matis, from Proto-Indo-European *meh₂tis (“ripe, good”), from *meh₂- (“to ripen, to mature”). Cognate with Welsh mad and Gaulish mat.

Alternative forms[edit]

Adjective[edit]

maith (comparative ferr, superlative dech)

  1. good
    • c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 16b9
      Ní indráigne dúib cinin·fil lib, ar idib maithi cene.
      It is no detriment to you pl, though we are not with you, for you are good already.
Declension[edit]
i-stem
Singular Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative maith maith maith
Vocative maith
Accusative maith maith
Genitive maith maithe maith
Dative maith maith maith
Plural Masculine Feminine/neuter
Nominative maithi maithi
Vocative maithi
Accusative maithi
Genitive maith*
maithe
Dative maithib
Notes *not when substantivized
Descendants[edit]
  • Irish: maith
  • Manx: mie
  • Scottish Gaelic: math

Further reading[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

See the etymology of the main entry.

Verb[edit]

·maith

  1. third-person singular present indicative conjunct of maidid

Mutation[edit]

Old Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Nasalization
maith
also mmaith after a proclitic 		maith
pronounced with /ṽ(ʲ)-/ 		unchanged
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every
possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Welsh[edit]

Adjective[edit]

maith (feminine singular maith, plural meithion, equative maithed, comparative maithach, superlative maithaf)

  1. long, far, large, extensive, numerous
  2. long-lasting, tedious, tiresome
  3. great (of quality)
  4. sad, bitter
  5. wise, clever, cunning, sly
Derived terms[edit]

Mutation[edit]

Welsh mutation
radical soft nasal aspirate
maith faith unchanged unchanged
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every
possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Scottish Gaelic[edit]

Verb[edit]

maith (past mhaith, future maithidh, verbal noun mathadh, past participle maithte)

  1. Alternative form of math

Noun[edit]

maith m

  1. genitive singular of math
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