rapio

Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *rapiō, perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rp-i-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rep- (“to snatch”) (compare Albanian rrjep, Ancient Greek ἐρέπτομαι (eréptomai), Lithuanian ap-répti).

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈra.pi.oː/, [ˈräpioː]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈra.pi.o/, [ˈräːpio]

Verb

rapiō (present infinitive rapere, perfect active rapuī, supine raptum); third conjugation iō-variant

1. I snatch, grab, carry off, abduct, rape

   Synonyms: abdūcō, tollō, adimō, corripiō, auferō, ēripiō, dēmō, āvertō, diripio, praedor, agō

Conjugation

Conjugation of rapiō (third conjugation iō-variant)
indicative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	rapiō	rapis	rapit	rapimus	rapitis	rapiunt
	imperfect	rapiēbam	rapiēbās	rapiēbat	rapiēbāmus	rapiēbātis	rapiēbant
	future	rapiam	rapiēs	rapiet	rapiēmus	rapiētis	rapient
	perfect	rapuī	rapuistī	rapuit	rapuimus	rapuistis	rapuērunt, rapuēre
	pluperfect	rapueram	rapuerās	rapuerat	rapuerāmus	rapuerātis	rapuerant
	future perfect	rapuerō	rapueris	rapuerit	rapuerimus	rapueritis	rapuerint
	sigmatic future1	rapsō	rapsis	rapsit	rapsimus	rapsitis	rapsint
passive	present	rapior	raperis, rapere	rapitur	rapimur	rapiminī	rapiuntur
	imperfect	rapiēbar	rapiēbāris, rapiēbāre	rapiēbātur	rapiēbāmur	rapiēbāminī	rapiēbantur
	future	rapiar	rapiēris, rapiēre	rapiētur	rapiēmur	rapiēminī	rapientur
	perfect	raptus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	raptus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	raptus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	rapiam	rapiās	rapiat	rapiāmus	rapiātis	rapiant
	imperfect	raperem	raperēs	raperet	raperēmus	raperētis	raperent
	perfect	rapuerim	rapuerīs	rapuerit	rapuerīmus	rapuerītis	rapuerint
	pluperfect	rapuissem	rapuissēs	rapuisset	rapuissēmus	rapuissētis	rapuissent
	sigmatic aorist1	rapsim	rapsīs	rapsīt	rapsīmus	rapsītis	rapsint
passive	present	rapiar	rapiāris, rapiāre	rapiātur	rapiāmur	rapiāminī	rapiantur
	imperfect	raperer	raperēris, raperēre	raperētur	raperēmur	raperēminī	raperentur
	perfect	raptus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	raptus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	—	rape	—	—	rapite	—
	future	—	rapitō	rapitō	—	rapitōte	rapiuntō
passive	present	—	rapere	—	—	rapiminī	—
	future	—	rapitor	rapitor	—	—	rapiuntor
non-finite forms		active			passive
		present	perfect	future	present	perfect	future
infinitives		rapere	rapuisse	raptūrum esse	rapī	raptum esse	raptum īrī
participles		rapiēns	—	raptūrus	—	raptus	rapiendus, rapiundus
verbal nouns		gerund				supine
		genitive	dative	accusative	ablative	accusative	ablative
		rapiendī	rapiendō	rapiendum	rapiendō	raptum	raptū

¹At least one use of the archaic "sigmatic future" and "sigmatic aorist" tenses is attested, which are used by Old Latin writers; most notably Plautus and Terence. The sigmatic future is generally ascribed a future or future perfect meaning, while the sigmatic aorist expresses a possible desire ("might want to").

Derived terms

• abripiō
• arripiō
• corripiō
• dēripiō
• dīripiō
• ēripiō
• praeripiō
• prōripiō
• rapāx
• rapidus
• rapīna
• raptō
• raptūra
• surripiō
• ūsūrpō

 

Descendants

• Aromanian: arachiu, arãchescu, arãchiri
• Catalan: rapir
• → English: rapacious, rapt, rapture, raptor, ravage, ravenous, ravine, ravish, rape (possibly)
• French: ravir
• Italian: rapire

→ Portuguese: raptar

• Old Catalan: rabir

• Old French: ravir
• Piedmontese: rapì
• Old Spanish: rabir

→ Spanish: raptar, rapiña

• Occitan: rabir
• Romanian: răpi, răpire

References

• “rapio”, in Charlton T[homas] Lewis; Charles [Lancaster] Short (1879) […] A New Latin Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.; Cincinnati, Ohio; Chicago, Ill.: American Book Company; Oxford: Clarendon Press.
• “rapio”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• rapio in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré Latin-Français, Hachette
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[2], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to lead a person into error: aliquem in errorem inducere, rapere
    
  • to lead the army with forced marches: citatum agmen rapere