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respondeo

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

Latin

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Etymology

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Etymology tree
Proto-Italic *wre-
Latin re-
Proto-Indo-European *spend-
Proto-Indo-European *-yeti
Proto-Indo-European *-éyeti
Proto-Indo-European *spondéyeti
Proto-Italic *spondejō
Proto-Italic *spondeō
Latin spondeō
Latin respondeō

    From re- + spondeō (“promise”).

    Pronunciation

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    Verb

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    respondeō (present infinitive respondēre, perfect active respondī, supine respōnsum); second conjugation, third person-only in the passive

    1. (ambitransitive) to reply, answer, respond
      Synonyms: refero, occurro
      • 56 BCE, Cicero, Pro Caelio 28.67:
        Illud vero respondere cogam, cur tot viri ac tales hunc et unum et tam imbecillum, quam videtis, non aut stantem comprenderint aut fugientem consecuti sint
        I shall force the, to respond to this: Why did so many strong men not capture this one man who, as you all see, was so pitiful, when he was standing there or chase him as he was fleeing?
      • c. 4 BCE – 65 CE, Seneca Minor, De Otio 6.1:
        Adversus hoc tibi respondeo
        In answer to this I reply
        (literally, “Against this, I reply to you”)
    2. to offer or present in return
      • c. 206 BCE – 188 BCE, Plautus, Mercator 629:
        de istac re argutus es, ut par pari respondeas
        You're very clever in that way, managing to give me tit for tat
        (literally, “You're clever regarding that thing, so that you may offer the like in return for the like”)
    3. (figuratively) to measure up
    4. to be present, to appear, attend
    5. (intransitive) to meet or answer (a charge)
      • c. 110 BCE – c. 25 BCE, Cornelius Nepos, De viris illustribus XV. Epaminondas 8.2:
        nemo Epaminondam responsurum putabat, quod quid diceret non haberet
        No one thought that Epaminondas would appear at court, because he had nothing he could say
      • 106 BCE – 43 BCE, Cicero, De Finibus Bonorum et Malorum 2.54:
        profectus in exsilium Tubulus statim nec respondere ausus
        Tubulus went into exile and did not dare face his trial
    6. (of a sound) to re-echo, resound
    7. to meet, agree, accord or correspond with, conform to, answer for
    8. to make a return, yield
      • 4 CE – c. 70 CE, Columella, De re rustica 3.3.4:
        Nam frumenta maiore quidem parte Italiae quando cum quarto responderint, vix meminisse possumus
        • 1941 translation by Harrison Boyd Ash
          For we4 can hardly recall a time when grain crops throughout at least the greater part of Italy returned a yield of four for one

    Conjugation

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    • The passive voice is limited to third-person forms.
       Conjugation of respondeō (second conjugation, third person-only in the passive)
    indicative singular plural
    first second third first second third
    active present respondeō respondēs respondet respondēmus respondētis respondent
    imperfect respondēbam respondēbās respondēbat respondēbāmus respondēbātis respondēbant
    future respondēbō respondēbis respondēbit respondēbimus respondēbitis respondēbunt
    perfect respondī respondistī respondit respondimus respondistis respondērunt,
    respondēre
    pluperfect responderam responderās responderat responderāmus responderātis responderant
    future perfect responderō responderis responderit responderimus responderitis responderint
    sigmatic future1 respōnsō respōnsis respōnsit respōnsimus respōnsitis respōnsint
    passive present — — respondētur — — respondentur
    imperfect — — respondēbātur — — respondēbantur
    future — — respondēbitur — — respondēbuntur
    perfect — — respōnsum est — — respōnsa sunt
    pluperfect — — respōnsum erat — — respōnsa erant
    future perfect — — respōnsum erit — — respōnsa erint
    subjunctive singular plural
    first second third first second third
    active present respondeam respondeās respondeat respondeāmus respondeātis respondeant
    imperfect respondērem respondērēs respondēret respondērēmus respondērētis respondērent
    perfect responderim responderīs responderit responderīmus responderītis responderint
    pluperfect respondissem respondissēs respondisset respondissēmus respondissētis respondissent
    sigmatic aorist1 respōnsim respōnsīs respōnsīt respōnsīmus respōnsītis respōnsint
    passive present — — respondeātur — — respondeantur
    imperfect — — respondērētur — — respondērentur
    perfect — — respōnsum sit — — respōnsa sint
    pluperfect — — respōnsum esset — — respōnsa essent
    imperative singular plural
    first second third first second third
    active present — respondē — — respondēte —
    future — respondētō respondētō — respondētōte respondentō
    passive future — — respondētor — — respondentor
    non-finite forms infinitive participle
    active passive active passive
    present respondēre respondērī respondēns —
    future respōnsūrum esse respōnsum īrī respōnsūrus respondendum
    perfect respondisse respōnsum esse — respōnsum
    future perfect — respōnsum fore — —
    perfect potential respōnsūrum fuisse — — —
    verbal nouns gerund supine
    genitive dative accusative ablative accusative ablative
    respondendī respondendō respondendum respondendō respōnsum respōnsū

    1At least one use of the Old Latin "sigmatic future" and "sigmatic aorist" tenses is attested, which are used by Old Latin writers; most notably Plautus and Terence. The sigmatic future is generally ascribed a future or future perfect meaning, while the sigmatic aorist expresses a possible desire ("might want to").

    Derived terms

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    Descendants

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    References

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    • “respondeo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
    • “respondeo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
    • “respondeo”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
    • Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
      • the rocks re-echo: saxa voci respondent or resonant
      • to return like for like: paria paribus respondere
      • the circumstances are described in language worthy of them: rebus verba respondent
      • to answer questions: ad interrogata respondere
      • to answer to this effect: respondere in hanc sententiam
      • to respond to expectations: exspectationi satisfacere, respondere
      • (ambiguous) to give an oracular response: responsum dare (vid. sect. VIII. 5, note Note to answer...), respondere
      • to fail to answer one's name: ad nomen non respondere (Liv. 7. 4)
      • (ambiguous) to extract an answer from some one: responsum ab aliquo ferre, auferre
      • (ambiguous) to give an oracular response: responsum dare (vid. sect. VIII. 5, note Note to answer...), respondere

    Portuguese

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    Verb

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    respondeo

    1. obsolete spelling of respondeu
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