roach
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See also: Roach
English[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
From Middle English roche, from Old French roche, from Middle Low German roche, ruche (“ray (fish)”); cognate with Old English ruhha ("a ray"; > Middle English rouhe, rohȝe), German Rochen (“ray (fish)”).
Noun[edit]
roach (plural roach)
- Certain members of the fish family Cyprinidae, including:
- Species in the genus Rutilus, especially:
- The common roach (Rutilus rutilus)
- The California roach, of the monotypic genus Hesperoleucus
- Species in the genus Rutilus, especially:
Derived terms[edit]
- Albanian roach (Pachychilon pictum, Leucos basak)
- Black Sea roach (Rutilus lacustris)
- blue roach (Scardinius erythrophthalmus)
- California roach (Hesperoleucus symmetricus)
- common roach Rutilus rutilus)
Translations[edit]
Rutilus rutilus
Etymology 2[edit]
Back-formation from cockroach, as if it were a compound.
Noun[edit]
roach (plural roaches)
Derived terms[edit]
- brown-banded roach (Supella supellectilium)
- dubia roach (Blaptica dubia)
- Madeira roach (Leucophaea maderae)
- oriental roach (Blatta orientalis)
- sea roach (Ligia oceanica, Ligia exotica)
- wharf roach (Ligia exotica)
Translations[edit]
US: cockroach — see cockroach
Etymology 3[edit]
Apparently from extended or figurative use of roach (“Cyprinidae”), above. Compare the adjective roached (“styled so that the mane stands up from the neck”).
Noun[edit]
roach (plural roaches)
- (nautical) An extra curve of material added to the leech (aft edge) of a sail to increase the sail area.
- A kind of headdress worn by some of the indigenous peoples of North America.
Translations[edit]
nautical: curve in the aft edge of a sail
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Etymology 4[edit]
Extended or jocular use of roach (“cockroach”), above. Attested since the 1930s.
Noun[edit]
roach (plural roaches)
- (US, slang, smoking) Marijuana; cannabis used as a drug.
- 1957, Alfred Maund, The Big Boxcar, Urbana: University of Illinois Press, →ISBN, page 106:
- In his half hour of free time between brooms it was Willie's custom to smoke his lunch in an alleyway. He'd take just half a roach, only enough to make him feel a new day was starting, no more no less.
- (US, slang, smoking) A butt of a marijuana cigarette.
- (Britain, slang, smoking) The filter of a rolled cigarette or joint, made from card or paper.
- 2000, Zadie Smith, White Teeth, Penguin Books (2001), page 292:
- Last toke is the yellowing fabric of the roach, containing the stuff that is less than tobacco.
Translations[edit]
slang: butt of a marijuana cigarette
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Etymology 5[edit]
Variant of roche (“rock”). Attested since the seventeenth century.
Noun[edit]
roach (plural roaches)
- (Britain, obsolete, mining) A bed or stratum of some mineral.
- 1749, Rog. Mostyn, “Mineralogy”, in Philosophical Transactions and Collections to the End of the Year, volume II, London: Royal Society, OCLC 149630598, page 379:
- After long Working of this Coal, it was found upon the rising Grounds, that there lay another Roach of Coal, at the Depth of 14 Yards under it
- (Britain, regional) Gritty or coarse rock; especially Portland stone or similar limestone.
References[edit]
- Jonathon Green (2016) , “roach, n.”, in Green's Dictionary of Slang[1]
- “roach, n.2.”, in OED Online
, Oxford: Oxford University Press, launched 2000.
- “roach, n.3.”, in OED Online
, Oxford: Oxford University Press, launched 2000.
- “roach, n.4.”, in OED Online
, Oxford: Oxford University Press, launched 2000.
Anagrams[edit]
Categories:
- English 1-syllable words
- English terms with IPA pronunciation
- English terms with audio links
- English terms inherited from Middle English
- English terms derived from Middle English
- English terms derived from Old French
- English terms derived from Middle Low German
- English lemmas
- English nouns
- English countable nouns
- English indeclinable nouns
- English nouns with irregular plurals
- American English
- en:Nautical
- English slang
- en:Smoking
- English terms with quotations
- British English
- English terms with obsolete senses
- en:Mining
- Regional English
- en:Cockroaches
- en:Cyprinids