View source for servant

==English==
{{slim-wikipedia|servant (disambiguation)|servant}}

===Alternative forms===
* {{alter|en|servaunt|servand||obsolete}}

===Etymology===
From {{inh|en|enm|servaunt}}, from {{der|en|fro|servant}}, from the present participle of the verb {{m|fro|servir}}. {{doublet|en|sergeant|servient}}. Morphologically {{suffix|en|serve|ant}}. Displaced native {{ncog|ang|þeġn}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|en|/ˈsɜːvənt/|a=RP}}
* {{IPA|en|/ˈsɝvənt/|[ˈsɝvn̩ʔ]|a=GenAm}}
* {{audio|en|en-us-servant.ogg|a=US}}
* {{rhymes|en|ɜː(ɹ)vənt|s=2}}

===Noun===
{{en-noun}}

# One who is [[hired]] to perform regular [[household]] or other duties, and receives [[compensation]]. As opposed to a [[slave]].
#: {{ux|en|There are three '''servants''' in the household, the butler and two maids.}}
#* {{RQ:Birmingham Gossamer|chapter=I|passage=As a political system democracy seems to me extraordinarily foolish, but I would not go out of my way to protest against it. My '''servant''' is, so far as I am concerned, welcome to as many votes as he can get. I would very gladly make mine over to him if I could.}}
# One who [[serve]]s another, providing [[help]] in some manner.
#: {{ux|en|She is quite the humble '''servant''', the poor in this city owe much to her but she expects nothing.}}
# {{lb|en|religion}} A person who dedicates themselves to [[God]].
# {{lb|en|obsolete}} A professed [[lover]].
# A person of low condition or spirit.

====Derived terms====
{{col3|en
|assigned servant
|civil servant
|maidservant
|manservant
|public servant
|servantless
|servantlike|fire is a good servant but a bad master
|servantly
|body servant|captain's servant|covenanted servant|domestic servant|even-servant|eye-servant|indentured servant|maid-servant|servant out of livery|your servant|woman servant
}}

====Translations====
{{trans-top|one who is hired to perform regular household or other duties, and receives compensation}}
* Aghwan: {{t|xag|𐔱𐔰𐕅𐔱𐔰𐕍𐔰𐔾}}
* Albanian: {{t+|sq|shërbyes|m}}, {{t+|sq|shërbyese|f}}
* Amharic: {{t|am|ሎሌ|m}}
* Arabic: {{t|ar|خَادِم|m}}, {{t|ar|خَادِمَة|f}}, {{t|ar|خَدَم|p}}
*: Egyptian Arabic: {{t|arz|خدام|m|tr=ḵaddām}}, {{t|arz|خدامة|f|tr=ḵaddāma}}
* Armenian: {{t+|hy|ծառա}}, {{t+|hy|սպասավոր}}
* Aromanian: {{t|rup|dul|m}}, {{t|rup|huzmichear|m}}, {{t|rup|shcljau|m}}
* Azerbaijani: {{t+|az|qulluqçu}}, {{t+|az|nökər}}, {{t+|az|xidmətçi}}
* Bashkir: {{t|ba|хеҙмәтсе}}
* Belarusian: {{t|be|слуга́|m}}, {{t|be|служа́нка|f}}, {{t|be|прыслу́жнік|m}}, {{t|be|прыслу́жніца|f}}, {{t|be|слу́жка|m|f}}
* Bengali: {{t|bn|নোকর}}, {{t+|bn|চাকর}}
* Bole: {{t|bol|buda}}
* Breton: {{t|br|servijour|m}}, {{t|br|servijourez|f}}
* Bulgarian: {{t+|bg|слуга́|m}}, {{t|bg|слуги́ня|f}}, {{t+|bg|прислу́жник|m}}, {{t|bg|прислу́жница|f}}, {{t+|bg|служи́тел|m}}, {{t|bg|служи́телка|f}}
* Burmese: {{t+|my|အစေအပါး}}
* Catalan: {{t+|ca|servent|m}}, {{t+|ca|criat|m}}
* Chinese:
*: Mandarin: {{t+|cmn|僕人|tr=púrén}}, {{t+|cmn|傭人|tr=yōngrén}}, {{t+|cmn|奴僕|tr=núpú}}, {{t+|cmn|奴役|tr=núyì}}
* Cimbrian: {{t|cim|diinar|m}}, {{t|cim|diinaren|f}}
* Coptic: {{t|cop|ⲃⲱⲕ|m}}
* Czech: {{t+|cs|sluha|m}}, {{t+|cs|služka|f}}, {{t|cs|služebný|m}}
* Danish: {{t+|da|tjener|c}}
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|hulp}}, {{t+|nl|hulpje}}, {{t+|nl|huishoudhulp}}, {{t+|nl|bediende}}, {{t+|nl|knecht|m}}, {{t+|nl|meid|f}}, {{t+|nl|dienaar|m}}
* Egyptian: {{t-egy|bꜣk|h=bA-k:H_SPACE-A1|m}}, {{t-egy|bꜣkt|h=bA-k:t-B1|f}}
* Erzya: {{t|myv|вардо|m}}, {{t|myv|варданка|f}}
* Estonian: {{t|et|teenija}}, {{t|et|sulane}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|palvelija}}
* French: {{t+|fr|domestique|m|f}}, {{t+|fr|servante|f}}, {{t+|fr|serviteur|m}} {{q|archaic}}
* Friulian: {{t|fur|sierf|m}}, {{t|fur|famei|m}}, {{t|fur|servidôr|m}}
* Galician: {{t+|gl|servente|m}}, {{t|gl|criado|m}}
* Georgian: {{t|ka|მსახური}}
* German: {{t+|de|Diener|m}}, {{t+|de|Dienerin|f}}, {{t+|de|Lakai|m}}, {{t+|de|Kammerdiener|m}}, {{t+|de|Zofe|f}}, {{t+|de|Bediensteter|m}}, {{t|de|Bediener|m}}, {{t+|de|Dienstbote|m}}; {{q|rural}} {{t+|de|Knecht|m}}, {{t+|de|Magd|f}}
* Gothic: {{t|got|𐌸𐌹𐌿𐍃|m}}, {{t|got|𐌸𐌹𐍅𐌹|f}}, {{t|got|𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌱𐌰𐌷𐍄𐍃|m}}
* Greek: {{t+|el|υπηρέτης|m}}
*: Ancient: {{t|grc|θεράπων|m}}, {{t|grc|θεράπαινα|f}}
* Hausa: {{t|ha|yaro}}
* Hebrew: {{t+|he|מְשָׁרֵת|m|tr=mesharét}}
* Higaonon: {{t|mba|kabulig}}
* Hindi: {{t+|hi|नौकर|m}}, {{t+|hi|चाकर|m}}, {{t+|hi|नौकरानी|f}}, {{t+|hi|सेवक|m}}, {{t+|hi|भृत्य|m}}, {{t|hi|मुलाज़िम|m}}
* Hungarian: {{t+|hu|szolga}}, {{t+|hu|cseléd}} {{qualifier|female}}
* Icelandic: {{t+|is|þjónn|m}}
* Indonesian: {{t+|id|bantu|alt=pembantu}}
* Irish: {{t|ga|seirbhíseach|m}}, {{t|ga|searbhónta|m}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|servo|m}}, {{t+|it|servitore|m}}, {{t+|it|domestico|m}}, {{t+|it|famiglio|m}}
* Japanese: {{t+|ja|使用人|tr=しようにん, shiyōnin}}, {{t+|ja|召使い|tr=めしつかい, meshitsukai}}
* Javanese: {{t|jv|réwang}}, {{t|jv|réncang}}
* Kazakh: {{t|kk|даяшы}}, {{t|kk|малай}}, {{t|kk|қызметші}} {{qualifier|also figuratively}}
* Khmer: {{t|km|អ្នកបំរើ}}, {{t+|km|សេវកៈ}}, {{t+|km|បាវ}} {{qualifier|female}}, {{t+|km|ព្រាវ}}
* Korean: {{t+|ko|하인(下人)}}, {{t+|ko|머슴}}, {{t+|ko|사용인(使用人)}}
* Kurdish:
*: Northern Kurdish: {{t+|kmr|benî}}, {{t+|kmr|kole}}, {{t+|kmr|noker}}
* Kyrgyz: {{t+|ky|кызматчы}}, {{t+|ky|кул}}, {{t+|ky|малай}}
* Lao: {{t|lo|ຂະຍົມ}}, {{t+|lo|ຂ້າ}}, {{t|lo|ບ່າວ}}
* Latin: {{t|la|minister|m}}, {{t|la|ministra|f}}, {{t|la|famulus|m}}, {{t|la|famula|f}}
* Latvian: {{t|lv|kalps|m}}, {{t|lv|kalpone|f}}, {{t|lv|sulains|m}}
* Lithuanian: {{t|lt|tarnas|m}}
* Macedonian: {{t|mk|слу́га|m}}, {{t|mk|слу́жител|m}}, {{t|mk|служи́телка|f}}
* Malay: {{t+|ms|hamba}}, {{t|ms|khadam}}
* Maltese: {{t|mt|qaddej|m}}, {{t|mt|seftur|m}}
* Maore Comorian: {{t|swb|mutru wa hazi|c1|c2}}
* Maori: {{t|mi|hāwini}}, {{t|mi|tūmau}}
* Middle English: {{t|enm|serjaunt}}, {{t|enm|servaunt}}
* Mongolian:
*: Cyrillic: {{t+|mn|зарц}}
*: Mongolian: {{t|mn|ᠵᠠᠷᠤᠴᠠ}}
* Navajo: {{t|nv|naalʼaʼí}}
* Norwegian:
*: Bokmål: {{t+|nb|tjener|m}}
* Occitan: {{t+|oc|sirvent|m}}
* Old Church Slavonic:
*: Cyrillic: {{t|cu|слоуга|m}}, {{t|cu|слоужитель|m}}
* Old Czech: {{t|zlw-ocs|sluha|m}}
* Old East Slavic: {{t|orv|слуга|m}}
* Old English: {{t|ang|þeġn|m}}
* Ottoman Turkish: {{t|ota|اوشاق|tr=uşak}}, {{t|ota|خدمتجی|tr=hizmetçi}}
* Pali: {{t|pi|sevaka|m}}
* Pashto: {{t|ps|خدمتګار|m|tr=xedmatgār}}, {{t+|ps|نوکر|m|tr=nokár}}, {{t+|ps|خادم|m|tr=xādém}}
* Persian:
*: Dari: {{t+|prs|خِدْمَتْکَار}}, {{t+|prs|نَوْکَر}}, {{t+|prs|خَادِم}}, {{t+|prs|چَاکَر}}, {{t+|prs|مُلَازِم}}
*: Iranian Persian: {{t+|fa-ira|خِدْمَتْکار}}, {{t+|fa-ira|نُوْکَر}}, {{t+|fa-ira|خادِم}}, {{t+|fa-ira|چاکِر}}, {{t+|fa-ira|مُلازِم}}
* Plautdietsch: {{t|pdt|Deena|m}}
* Polish: {{t+|pl|służący|m-pr}}, {{t+|pl|służąca|f}}, {{t+|pl|sługa|m}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|empregado|m}}, {{t+|pt|criado|m}}, {{t+|pt|serviçal|m|f}}
* Romanian: {{t+|ro|servitor|m}}, {{t+|ro|slugă|f}}, {{t+|ro|slujitor|m}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|слуга́|m}}, {{t+|ru|служа́нка|f}}, {{t+|ru|прислу́жник|m}}, {{t+|ru|прислу́жница|f}} {{qualifier|dated}}, {{t+|ru|служи́тель|m}}, {{t+|ru|служи́тельница|f}} {{qualifier|dated}}
* Sanskrit: {{t+|sa|सेवक|m}}, {{t+|sa|सेविका|f}}, {{t+|sa|भृत्य|m}}
* Scottish Gaelic: {{t|gd|searbhanta|m|f}}, {{t|gd|seirbhiseach|m}}
* Serbo-Croatian:
*: Cyrillic: {{t|sh|слу́га|m}}, {{t|sh|слу̀жа̄вка|f}}, {{t|sh|слу̏шкиња|f}}
*: Roman: {{t+|sh|slúga|m}}, {{t+|sh|slùžāvka|f}}, {{t+|sh|slȕškinja|f}}
* Sicilian: {{t+|scn|criatu|m}} {{qualifier|mostly female}}, {{t+|scn|servu|m}}
* Slovak: {{t|sk|sluha|m}}, {{t|sk|slúžka|f}}
* Slovene: {{t+|sl|služabnik|m}}, {{t|sl|služabnica|f}}, {{t|sl|sluga|m}}, {{t|sl|služkinja|f}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|sirviente|m}}, {{t+|es|criado|m}}, {{t+|es|mozo|m}}, {{t+|es|doméstico|m}}, {{t+|es|empleado|m}}
* Swahili: {{t+|sw|mtumishi}}
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|betjänt|c}}, {{t+|sv|tjänare|c}}
* Tajik: {{t+|tg|хизматгор}}, {{t|tg|пешхизмат}}, {{t|tg|чокар}}, {{t+|tg|навкар}}
* Tarifit: {{t|rif|tayya|f}}
* Tatar: {{t+|tt|хезмәтче}}
* Thai: {{t+|th|ข้า}}, {{t+|th|บ่าว}}, {{t|th|ภัจ}}, {{t+|th|คนรับใช้}}, {{t+|th|เสวก}}, {{t+|th|คนใช้}}, {{t+|th|ภฤตย์}}
* Tibetan: {{t|bo|བྲན་གཡོག}}
* Tigrinya: {{t|ti|ከዳሚ|m}}
* Tocharian B: {{t|txb|mañiye|?}} {{qualifier|male}}, {{t|txb|mañiya|?}} {{qualifier|female}}
* Turkish: {{t+|tr|hizmetçi}}, {{t+|tr|uşak}}, {{t+|tr|kul}}
* Turkmen: {{t|tk|gullukçy}}, {{t|tk|hyzmatkär}}, {{t|tk|gul}}, {{t|tk|çory|f}}
* Ukrainian: {{t|uk|слуга́|m}}, {{t|uk|служни́ця|f}}
* Urdu: {{t|ur|نَوکَر|m}}, {{t|ur|چاکَر|m}}, {{t|ur|نَوکَرانی|f}}, {{t|ur|خادِم|m}}, {{t|ur|مُلازِم|m}}
* Uyghur: {{t|ug|خىزمەتچى}}, {{t|ug|مالاي}}
* Uzbek: {{t+|uz|xizmatkor}}, {{t+|uz|malay}}
* Venetan: {{t|vec|servidór|m}}, {{t|vec|famegio|m}}, {{t|vec|besariòl|m}}
* Vietnamese: {{t+|vi|đầy tớ}}, {{t+|vi|người hầu}}
* Yiddish: {{t|yi|דינסט|n}}, {{t|yi|קנעכט|m}}, {{t|yi|באַדינער|m}}, {{t|yi|באַדינערטע|f}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|one who serves another, providing help in some manner}}
* Bactrian: {{t|xbc|βανδαγο}}
* Catalan: {{t+|ca|servidor|m}}
* Czech: {{t+|cs|služebník|m}}
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|dienaar|m}}, {{t+|nl|bediende|m|f}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|palvelija}}
* French: {{t+|fr|serviteur|m}}
* Galician: {{t+|gl|servidor|m}}
* German: {{t+|de|Helfer|m}}, {{t+|de|Helferin|f}}
* Gothic: {{t|got|𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌱𐌰𐌷𐍄𐍃|m}}
* Greek: {{t+|el|υπηρέτης|m}}
*: Ancient: {{t|grc|ὑπηρέτης|m}}
* Indonesian: {{t+|id|layan|alt=pelayan}}
* Irish: {{t|ga|seirbhíseach|m}}, {{t|ga|searbhónta|m}}
* Latin: {{t|la|minister|m}}
* Maori: {{t|mi|wheteke}}
* Middle English: {{t|enm|servaunt}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|servente|m|f}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|служи́тель|m}}, {{t+|ru|служи́тельница|f}}
* Scottish Gaelic: {{t|gd|searbhanta|m|f}}, {{t|gd|seirbhiseach|m}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|servidor|m}}
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|tjänare|c}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{checktrans-top}}
* Albanian: {{t+check|sq|shërbëtor|m}}
* Arabic:
*: Egyptian Arabic: {{t-check|arz|خدام|m|tr=khadam}}
* Esperanto: {{t-check|eo|servisto}}
* Estonian: {{t-check|et|teener}}
* Ewe: {{t-check|ee|dɔla}}
* Haitian Creole: {{t-check|ht|sèvitè}}
* Hindi: {{t+check|hi|नौकर|m}}
* Hungarian: {{t+check|hu|szolga}}, {{t+check|hu|cseléd}}
* Italian: {{t+check|it|servo|m}}, {{t+check|it|servitore|m|f}}
* Kurdish:
*: Central Kurdish: {{t+check|ckb|نۆکەر}}, {{t|ckb|بەردەست}}, {{t|ckb|خزمەتکار}}
* Macedonian: {{t-check|mk|слуга|m}}, {{t-check|mk|слугинка|f}}, {{t-check|mk|измеќар|m}}, {{t-check|mk|измеќарка|f}}, {{t-check|mk|момок|m}}
* Maltese: {{t-check|mt|servjent|m}}, {{t-check|mt|rufjan|m}}
* Old English: {{t-check|ang|þeġen|m}} (1)
* Romanian: {{t+check|ro|servitor|m}}, {{t+check|ro|slugă|m}}
* Serbo-Croatian:
*: Cyrillic: {{t-check|sh|слу́га|f}}, {{t-check|sh|слу̀жа̄вка|f}}
*: Roman: {{t+check|sh|slúga|f}}, {{t+check|sh|slùžāvka|f}}
* Spanish: {{t+check|es|sirviente|m|f}}, {{t+check|es|criado|m}}, {{t+check|es|criada|f}}
* Swahili: {{t+check|sw|utumishi}}
* Tagalog: {{t+check|tl|tagapaglingkod}}
* Telugu: {{t+check|te|సేవకుడు}}
* Urdu: {{t-check|ur|نوکر|m|tr=naukar}}
{{trans-bottom}}

===Verb===
{{en-verb}}

# {{lb|en|obsolete|transitive}} To [[subject]].
#* {{RQ:Shakespeare Coriolanus|5|2|passage=Wife, Mother, Child, I know not. My affaires<br>Are '''Seruanted''' to others{{...}}}}

===References===
* {{R:Webster 1913}}

===Anagrams===
* {{anagrams|en|a=aenrstv|starven|taverns|versant}}

{{C|en|Occupations|People}}

==French==

===Etymology===
From {{der|fr|frm|-}}, from {{der|fr|fro|servant}}, a substantivized present participle of {{m|fr|servir}}. Cf. also Latin {{m|la|serviens}}, and French {{m|fr|sergent}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{fr-IPA}}
* {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-Lepticed7-servant.wav}}
* {{hyph|fr|ser|vant}}

===Participle===
{{head|fr|present participle}}

# {{present participle of|fr|servir}}

===Noun===
{{fr-noun|m|f=+}}

# {{l|en|servant}}

====Derived terms====
{{col-auto|fr|chevalier servant|servant de messe}}

====Related terms====
{{col-auto|fr|serveur|serveuse}}

===Further reading===
* {{R:fr:TLFi}}

===Anagrams===
* {{l|fr|versant}}

==Latin==

===Verb===
{{head|la|verb form}}

# {{inflection of|la|servō||3|p|pres|actv|indc}}

==Middle English==
<!--this Middle English entry was created using Template:new enm entry-->

===Noun===
{{head|enm|noun}}

# {{alt form|enm|servaunt}}

==Norwegian Bokmål==

===Noun===
{{head|nb|noun|g=m|definite singular|servanten|indefinite plural|servanter|definite plural|servantene}}

# a [[washbasin]]
# a [[sink]]

====Synonyms====
* {{m|no|vask}}
* {{l|nb|vaskeservant}}

==Norwegian Nynorsk==

===Noun===
{{head|nn|noun|g=m|definite singular|servanten|indefinite plural|servantar|definite plural|servantane}}

# a [[washbasin]]
# a [[sink]]

====Synonyms====
* {{l|nn|vaskeservant}}

==Old French==

===Verb===
{{head|fro|present participle}}

# {{present participle of|fro|servir}}

===Adjective===
{{fro-adj|mf|f2=servante}}

# that [[serve#Verb|serves]]; that fulfils a role

===Noun===
{{fro-noun|m}}

# {{l|en|servant}} {{gloss|one who serves}}

====Descendants====
* {{desc|fr|servant}}
* {{desctree|enm|servaunt|noalts=1|bor=1}}