stunda
Icelandic[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Verb[edit]
stunda (weak verb, third-person singular past indicative stundaði, supine stundað)
- (transitive, with accusative) to pursue, to practice, to study
- (transitive, with accusative) to frequent, to visit often
Conjugation[edit]
infinitive (nafnháttur) |
að stunda | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
supine (sagnbót) |
stundað | ||||
present participle (lýsingarháttur nútíðar) |
stundandi | ||||
indicative (framsöguháttur) |
subjunctive (viðtengingarháttur) | ||||
present (nútíð) |
ég stunda | við stundum | present (nútíð) |
ég stundi | við stundum |
þú stundar | þið stundið | þú stundir | þið stundið | ||
hann, hún, það stundar | þeir, þær, þau stunda | hann, hún, það stundi | þeir, þær, þau stundi | ||
past (þátíð) |
ég stundaði | við stunduðum | past (þátíð) |
ég stundaði | við stunduðum |
þú stundaðir | þið stunduðuð | þú stundaðir | þið stunduðuð | ||
hann, hún, það stundaði | þeir, þær, þau stunduðu | hann, hún, það stundaði | þeir, þær, þau stunduðu | ||
imperative (boðháttur) |
stunda (þú) | stundið (þið) | |||
Forms with appended personal pronoun | |||||
stundaðu | stundiði * | ||||
* Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred. |
infinitive (nafnháttur) |
að stundast | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
supine (sagnbót) |
stundast | ||||
present participle (lýsingarháttur nútíðar) |
stundandist ** ** the mediopassive present participle is extremely rare and normally not used; it is never used attributively or predicatively, only for explicatory subclauses | ||||
indicative (framsöguháttur) |
subjunctive (viðtengingarháttur) | ||||
present (nútíð) |
ég stundast | við stundumst | present (nútíð) |
ég stundist | við stundumst |
þú stundast | þið stundist | þú stundist | þið stundist | ||
hann, hún, það stundast | þeir, þær, þau stundast | hann, hún, það stundist | þeir, þær, þau stundist | ||
past (þátíð) |
ég stundaðist | við stunduðumst | past (þátíð) |
ég stundaðist | við stunduðumst |
þú stundaðist | þið stunduðust | þú stundaðist | þið stunduðust | ||
hann, hún, það stundaðist | þeir, þær, þau stunduðust | hann, hún, það stundaðist | þeir, þær, þau stunduðust | ||
imperative (boðháttur) |
stundast (þú) | stundist (þið) | |||
Forms with appended personal pronoun | |||||
stundastu | stundisti * | ||||
* Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred. |
strong declension (sterk beyging) |
singular (eintala) | plural (fleirtala) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) |
masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) | ||
nominative (nefnifall) |
stundaður | stunduð | stundað | stundaðir | stundaðar | stunduð | |
accusative (þolfall) |
stundaðan | stundaða | stundað | stundaða | stundaðar | stunduð | |
dative (þágufall) |
stunduðum | stundaðri | stunduðu | stunduðum | stunduðum | stunduðum | |
genitive (eignarfall) |
stundaðs | stundaðrar | stundaðs | stundaðra | stundaðra | stundaðra | |
weak declension (veik beyging) |
singular (eintala) | plural (fleirtala) | |||||
masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) |
masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) | ||
nominative (nefnifall) |
stundaði | stundaða | stundaða | stunduðu | stunduðu | stunduðu | |
accusative (þolfall) |
stundaða | stunduðu | stundaða | stunduðu | stunduðu | stunduðu | |
dative (þágufall) |
stundaða | stunduðu | stundaða | stunduðu | stunduðu | stunduðu | |
genitive (eignarfall) |
stundaða | stunduðu | stundaða | stunduðu | stunduðu | stunduðu |
Derived terms[edit]
Noun[edit]
stunda
Latvian[edit]
Etymology[edit]
A borrowing, traditionally described as from Middle Low German stunde (“hour”), since this form is found in the earliest attestations. But some authors argue that these early attestations are found only in some dialects, and that later competing forms (stunds, stunda) might correspond to earlier competing variants, which suggests that this word already existed in Latvian prior to Middle Low German influece. This would mean that it was previously borrowed from another Germanic language (possibly Gothic, or maybe Old High German or Old Norse). The current form stunda became stabilizied at the beginning of the 18th century.[1]
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
stunda f (4th declension)
- hour (a time period of 60 seconds)
- gaidīt veselu stundu ― to wait for a whole hour
- nokavēties par stundu ― to be late by an hour
- stundas ceturksnis ― a quarter of an hour
- septiņu stundu darba diena ― a seven-hour workday
- hour (relatively short period in a day, often associated with an event, activity, or situation)
- rīta stunda ― morning hour
- klusā stunda ― quiet hour (e.g., at a hospital)
- policijas, komandantas stunda ― curfew (literally: commandant's, police hour)
- kurp iesi tik agrā stundā? ― where are you going at this late hour?
- viņa stunda ir situsi ― his hour has come (= he will die)
- lesson (period of time in which a class takes place, especially at an educational institution)
- matemātikas stunda ― math lesson, class
- cikos skolā sākas stundas? ― at what time do classes start at school?
- (sa)gatavot stundu ― to prepare a lesson
- atstāt pēc stundām ― to keep (someone) after class
- ņemt stundas ― to take lessons
Declension[edit]
singular (vienskaitlis) | plural (daudzskaitlis) | |
---|---|---|
nominative (nominatīvs) | stunda | stundas |
accusative (akuzatīvs) | stundu | stundas |
genitive (ģenitīvs) | stundas | stundu |
dative (datīvs) | stundai | stundām |
instrumental (instrumentālis) | stundu | stundām |
locative (lokatīvs) | stundā | stundās |
vocative (vokatīvs) | stunda | stundas |
Derived terms[edit]
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992), “stunda”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN
Norwegian Bokmål[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
Noun[edit]
stunda m or f
Norwegian Nynorsk[edit]
Noun[edit]
stunda f
Old English[edit]
Noun[edit]
stunda
- Latvian etymologies from LEV
- Icelandic 2-syllable words
- Icelandic terms with IPA pronunciation
- Icelandic lemmas
- Icelandic verbs
- Icelandic weak verbs
- Icelandic transitive verbs
- Icelandic non-lemma forms
- Icelandic noun forms
- Latvian terms derived from Middle Low German
- Latvian terms derived from Gothic
- Latvian terms derived from Old High German
- Latvian terms derived from Old Norse
- Latvian lemmas
- Latvian nouns
- Latvian feminine nouns
- Latvian terms with usage examples
- Latvian fourth declension nouns
- lv:Time
- lv:Units of measure
- Norwegian Bokmål non-lemma forms
- Norwegian Bokmål noun forms
- Norwegian Nynorsk non-lemma forms
- Norwegian Nynorsk noun forms
- Old English non-lemma forms
- Old English noun forms