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suffrago

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: suffragò

English

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Etymology

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Learned borrowing from Latin suffrāgō.

Noun

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suffrago

  1. (zoology) The joint between the tibia and tarsus, such as the hock of a horse's hind leg or the heel of a bird.

Anagrams

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Italian

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /sufˈfra.ɡo/
  • Rhymes: -aɡo
  • Hyphenation: suf‧frà‧go

Verb

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suffrago

  1. first-person singular present indicative of suffragare

Latin

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Etymology 1

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This verb, its deponent version suffrāgor (to vote for, support, favor), and the related noun suffrāgium (voting tablet, ballot, vote) come from the prefix sub- (under) combined with an uncertain root.

One proposal derives them from Proto-Indo-European *bʰreg- (to break), the root of frangō (to break).[1] The semantic development might be along the same lines as in the related noun fragor (crash, din, uproar), with the sense "break, shatter, clash" shifting to "make clashing noises, make an uproar (in support of a candidate)" to "lend support, vote for someone".

Another proposal derives it from the same source as the noun suffrāgō (see below) and may have originally meant an ankle bone or knuckle bone.

Pronunciation

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Verb

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suffrāgō (present infinitive suffrāgāre, perfect active suffrāgāvī, supine suffrāgātum); first conjugation

  1. to support; to vote for
Conjugation
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   Conjugation of suffrāgō (first conjugation)
indicative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present suffrāgō suffrāgās suffrāgat suffrāgāmus suffrāgātis suffrāgant
imperfect suffrāgābam suffrāgābās suffrāgābat suffrāgābāmus suffrāgābātis suffrāgābant
future suffrāgābō suffrāgābis suffrāgābit suffrāgābimus suffrāgābitis suffrāgābunt
perfect suffrāgāvī suffrāgāvistī suffrāgāvit suffrāgāvimus suffrāgāvistis suffrāgāvērunt,
suffrāgāvēre
pluperfect suffrāgāveram suffrāgāverās suffrāgāverat suffrāgāverāmus suffrāgāverātis suffrāgāverant
future perfect suffrāgāverō suffrāgāveris suffrāgāverit suffrāgāverimus suffrāgāveritis suffrāgāverint
passive present suffrāgor suffrāgāris,
suffrāgāre
suffrāgātur suffrāgāmur suffrāgāminī suffrāgantur
imperfect suffrāgābar suffrāgābāris,
suffrāgābāre
suffrāgābātur suffrāgābāmur suffrāgābāminī suffrāgābantur
future suffrāgābor suffrāgāberis,
suffrāgābere
suffrāgābitur suffrāgābimur suffrāgābiminī suffrāgābuntur
perfect suffrāgātus + present active indicative of sum
pluperfect suffrāgātus + imperfect active indicative of sum
future perfect suffrāgātus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive singular plural
first second third first second third
active present suffrāgem suffrāgēs suffrāget suffrāgēmus suffrāgētis suffrāgent
imperfect suffrāgārem suffrāgārēs suffrāgāret suffrāgārēmus suffrāgārētis suffrāgārent
perfect suffrāgāverim suffrāgāverīs suffrāgāverit suffrāgāverīmus suffrāgāverītis suffrāgāverint
pluperfect suffrāgāvissem suffrāgāvissēs suffrāgāvisset suffrāgāvissēmus suffrāgāvissētis suffrāgāvissent
passive present suffrāger suffrāgēris,
suffrāgēre
suffrāgētur suffrāgēmur suffrāgēminī suffrāgentur
imperfect suffrāgārer suffrāgārēris,
suffrāgārēre
suffrāgārētur suffrāgārēmur suffrāgārēminī suffrāgārentur
perfect suffrāgātus + present active subjunctive of sum
pluperfect suffrāgātus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present suffrāgā suffrāgāte
future suffrāgātō suffrāgātō suffrāgātōte suffrāgantō
passive present suffrāgāre suffrāgāminī
future suffrāgātor suffrāgātor suffrāgantor
non-finite forms active passive
present perfect future present perfect future
infinitives suffrāgāre suffrāgāvisse suffrāgātūrum esse suffrāgārī suffrāgātum esse suffrāgātum īrī
participles suffrāgāns suffrāgātūrus suffrāgātus suffrāgandus
verbal nouns gerund supine
genitive dative accusative ablative accusative ablative
suffrāgandī suffrāgandō suffrāgandum suffrāgandō suffrāgātum suffrāgātū
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Descendants
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  • Catalan: sufragar
  • Galician: sufragar
  • Italian: suffragare
  • Portuguese: sufragar
  • Spanish: sufragar

Etymology 2

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From sub- +‎ *frāgō, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrāg- (rump, hock, hindquarters), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰreg- (to break, crack, split). Cognate with Latin braca (trousers).

Noun

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suffrāgō f (genitive suffrāginis); third declension

  1. the ham or hough, hock of a quadruped's hind leg
Declension
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Third-declension noun.

singular plural
nominative suffrāgō suffrāginēs
genitive suffrāginis suffrāginum
dative suffrāginī suffrāginibus
accusative suffrāginem suffrāginēs
ablative suffrāgine suffrāginibus
vocative suffrāgō suffrāginēs
Descendants
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References

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  1. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “suffrāgium”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 597-598

Further reading

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  • suffrago”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • suffrago in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.