temperament

See also: Temperament and tempérament

English

Etymology

Borrowed from Middle French tempérament, from Latin temperamentum.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈtɛmpəɹəmənt/, /ˈtɛmpɹəmənt/, /ˈtɛmpəɹmənt/

Noun

temperament (countable and uncountable, plural temperaments)

1. (obsolete) A moderate and proportionable mixture of elements or ingredients in a compound; the condition in which elements are mixed in their proper proportions.
2. (obsolete) Any state or condition as determined by the proportion of its ingredients or the manner in which they are mixed; consistence, composition; mixture.
3. A person's usual manner of thinking, behaving or reacting.
4. A tendency to become irritable or angry.
5. (music) The altering of certain intervals from their correct values in order to improve the moving from key to key.
6. (psychology) Individual differences in behavior that are biologically based and are relatively independent of learning, system of values and attitudes.

Translations

a person's normal manner of thinking, behaving or reacting

• Arabic: طبع (ar)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 氣質／气质 (zh) (qìzhì), 气质 (zh) (qìzhì), 性格 (zh) (xìnggé), 性情 (zh) (xìngqíng), 脾氣／脾气 (zh), 脾气 (zh) (píqi)

  Min Nan: khì-chit

• Danish: temperament n
• Dutch: temperament (nl) n
• Esperanto: humoro (eo), animagordo
• Finnish: luonne (fi), temperamentti (fi)
• French: tempérament (fr) m
• Galician: temperamento (gl) m
• German: Temperament (de) n, Charakter (de) m, Veranlagung f
• Hebrew: מֶזֶג (he) m (mézeg)
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}
• Italian: temperamento (it) m, carattere (it) m
• Japanese: 気質 (ja) (きしつ, kishitsu), 気性 (きしょう, kishō), 性格 (ja) (せいかく, seikaku)
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: temperament n

  Nynorsk: temperament n

• Persian: خو (fa) (xu)
• Portuguese: temperamento (pt) m, índole (pt) f
• Romanian: temperament (ro) n
• Russian: темпера́мент (ru) m (temperáment), хара́ктер (ru) m (xarákter), нрав (ru) m (nrav)
• Scottish Gaelic: nàdar m
• Spanish: temperamento m

a tendency to become irritable or angry

• Danish: temperament c
• Dutch: temperament (nl) n
• Galician: temperamento (gl) m
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}
• German: Temperament (de) n
• Spanish: temperamento m

the altering of certain intervals from their correct values in order to improve the moving from key to key

• Czech: temperatura (cs) f
• Dutch: temperament (nl) n
• Finnish: temperointi, viritys (fi)
• German: Stimmung (de) f
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}
• Irish: réiteacht f

References

• John A. Simpson and Edmund S. C. Weiner, editors (1989), “temperament”, in The Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd edition, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN.

---

Dutch

Etymology

Borrowed from Middle French tempérament, from Latin temperamentum.

Pronunciation

• Audio

  (file)

• Hyphenation: tem‧pe‧ra‧ment

Noun

temperament n (plural temperamenten, diminutive temperamentje n)

1. (psychology) the usual mood of a person, or typical manner of thinking, behaving, and acting; temperament, temper, mood

   Oorspronkelijk waren in de Griekse oudheid de temperamenten de naam voor vier persoonlijkheidstypen: het sanguïnische, flegmatische, cholerische en melancholische temperament.^[1]

   Originally, in Greek antiquity, the temperaments were the names of the four personality types: the sanguine, phlegmatic, choleric and melancholy temperaments.

2. temperament: a tendency to become irritable or angry, temper
3. (music) temperament: a specific system of note pitches of a musical instrument

---

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From Latin temperamentum

Noun

temperament n (definite singular temperamentet, indefinite plural temperament or temperamenter, definite plural temperamenta or temperamentene)

1. temperament
2. a temperamental nature

Derived terms

• temperamentsfull

References

• “temperament” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
• “temperament” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).

---

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From Latin temperamentum

Noun

temperament n (definite singular temperamentet, indefinite plural temperament, definite plural temperamenta)

1. temperament
2. a temperamental nature

Derived terms

• temperamentsfull

References

• “temperament” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

---

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Borrowed from German Temperament, from Latin temperamentum.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /temperǎment/
• Hyphenation: tem‧pe‧ra‧ment

Noun

temperàment m (Cyrillic spelling темпера̀мент)

1. (psychology) temperament

Declension

Declension of temperament

	singular	plural
nominative	temperàment	temperamenti
genitive	temperamenta	temperàmenātā
dative	temperamentu	temperamentima
accusative	temperament	temperamente
vocative	temperamente	temperamenti
locative	temperamentu	temperamentima
instrumental	temperamentom	temperamentima

References

• “temperament” in Hrvatski jezični portal