travail
English
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
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From Middle English travail, from Old French travail (“suffering, torment”), from Vulgar Latin *tripalium (“an instrument of torture”), from Latin tripālis (“having or propped up by three stakes”).
Noun
travail (plural travails or travaux)
- (literary) Arduous or painful exertion; excessive labor, suffering, hardship. [from 13th c.]
- 1597, Richard Hooker, Of the Lawes of Ecclesiastical Politie, Book V, §21:
- But as every thing of price, so this doth require travail.
- Template:RQ:Florio Montaigne Essayes
- 1936, Djuna Barnes, Nightwood, Faber & Faber 2007, p. 38:
- He had thought of making a destiny for himself, through laborious and untiring travail.
- 2005, Tony Judt, “Culture Wars”, in Postwar: A history of Europe since 1945, London: Vintage Books, published 2010, →ISBN:
- And the British mandarin Left, like their contemporaries in the Foreign Office, had little time for the travails of the small countries between Germany and Russia, whom they had always regarded as something of a nuisance.
- 1597, Richard Hooker, Of the Lawes of Ecclesiastical Politie, Book V, §21:
- Specifically, the labor of childbirth. [from 13th c.]
- 1607–08, William Shakespeare (?), Pericles, Prince of Tyre, Act III, Chorus:
- The lady shrieks and, well-a-near,
- Does fall in travail with her fear.
- 1611, King James Version, Genesis 38:27–28:
- And it came to pass in the time of her travail, that, behold, twins were in her womb. And it came to pass, when she travailed, that the one put out his hand: and the midwife took and bound upon his hand a scarlet thread, saying, This came out first,
- 1607–08, William Shakespeare (?), Pericles, Prince of Tyre, Act III, Chorus:
- (obsolete, countable) An act of working; labor (US), labour (British). [14th-18th c.]
- (obsolete) The eclipse of a celestial object. [17th c.]
- Obsolete form of travel.
- Alternative form of travois (“a kind of sled”)
Related terms
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Translations
- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
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References
- John A. Simpson and Edmund S. C. Weiner, editors (1989), “travail”, in The Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd edition, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN.
- Douglas Harper (2001–2024) “travail”, in Online Etymology Dictionary.
Etymology 2
From Middle English travailen, from Old French travaillier, from the noun (see above).
Verb
travail (third-person singular simple present travails, present participle travailing, simple past and past participle travailed)
- To toil.
- 1552, Hugh Latimer, "Fourth Sermon on the Lord's Prayer, Preached before Lady Katherine, Duchess of Suffolk":
- [A]ll slothful persons, which will not travail for their livings, do the will of the devil.
- 1611, King James Version, Job 15:20:
- The wicked man travaileth with pain all his days, and the number of years is hidden to the oppressor.
- 1552, Hugh Latimer, "Fourth Sermon on the Lord's Prayer, Preached before Lady Katherine, Duchess of Suffolk":
- To go through the labor of childbirth.
- 1526, William Tyndale, trans. Bible, John XIV:
- A woman when she traveyleth hath sorowe, be cause her houre is come: but as sone as she is delivered off her chylde she remembreth no moare her anguysshe, for ioye that a man is borne in to the worlde.
- 1526, William Tyndale, trans. Bible, John XIV:
Translations
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- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
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Further reading
French
Etymology
From Middle French travail, from the singular form from Old French travail, from Vulgar Latin tripalium (“torture instrument”), from Latin tripālis (“having three stakes”). Compare Occitan trabalh, Catalan treball, English travail, Italian travaglio, Portuguese trabalho, Spanish trabajo.
The plural from Old French travauz, from travailz with l-vocalization before a consonant. The final -auz was later spelled -aux, and the sequence -au-, which once represented a diphthong, now represents an o sound.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /tʁa.vaj/
Audio (France, Paris) (file) Audio (Paris) (file) - Rhymes: -aj
- Homophones: travaille, travaillent, travailles
Noun
travail m (plural travaux)
Synonyms
Derived terms
Further reading
- “travail”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Middle French
Etymology
From Old French travail.
Noun
travail m (plural travails)
Descendants
- French: travail
References
- Godefroy, Frédéric, Dictionnaire de l’ancienne langue française et de tous ses dialectes du IXe au XVe siècle (1881) (travail, supplement)
Old French
Etymology
From Vulgar Latin tripalium (“torture instrument”), from Latin tripālis (“having three stakes”). Compare Occitan trabalh, Catalan treball, Italian travaglio, Portuguese trabalho, Spanish trabajo.
Noun
travail oblique singular, m (oblique plural travauz or travailz, nominative singular travauz or travailz, nominative plural travail)
Descendants
- English 2-syllable words
- English terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:English/eɪl
- English terms inherited from Middle English
- English terms derived from Middle English
- English terms derived from Old French
- English terms derived from Vulgar Latin
- English terms derived from Latin
- English lemmas
- English nouns
- English countable nouns
- English nouns with irregular plurals
- English literary terms
- English terms with quotations
- English terms with obsolete senses
- English obsolete forms
- English verbs
- French terms inherited from Middle French
- French terms derived from Middle French
- French terms inherited from Old French
- French terms derived from Old French
- French terms inherited from Vulgar Latin
- French terms derived from Vulgar Latin
- French terms inherited from Latin
- French terms derived from Latin
- French 2-syllable words
- French terms with IPA pronunciation
- French terms with audio links
- Rhymes:French/aj
- French terms with homophones
- French lemmas
- French nouns
- French countable nouns
- French masculine nouns
- Middle French terms inherited from Old French
- Middle French terms derived from Old French
- Middle French lemmas
- Middle French nouns
- Middle French masculine nouns
- Middle French countable nouns
- Old French terms inherited from Vulgar Latin
- Old French terms derived from Vulgar Latin
- Old French terms inherited from Latin
- Old French terms derived from Latin
- Old French lemmas
- Old French nouns
- Old French masculine nouns