virka

Estonian

Adjective

virka

1. partitive/illative singular of virk

Faroese

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈvɪɻ̥ka]

Verb

virka (third person singular past indicative virkaði, third person plural past indicative virkað, supine virkað)

1. to work, function, operate

   Tann gamli hátturin virkar ikki longur.

   The old method no longer works.

2. to seem

   Tað virkar so trupult at læra føroyskt.

   It seems so hard to learn Faroese.

Conjugation

Conjugation of virka (group v-30)

infinitive	virka
supine	virkað
	present	past
first singular	virki	virkaði
second singular	virkar	virkaði
third singular	virkar	virkaði
plural	virka	virkaðu
participle (a6)1	virkandi	virkaður
	imperative
singular	virka!
plural	virkið!

¹Only the past participle being declined.

Finnish

Etymology 1

Probably borrowed from Old Swedish virke, with possible influence from virka (etymology 2) with which it has been equated in the past.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈʋirkɑ/, [ˈʋirkɑ̝]
• Rhymes: -irkɑ
• Syllabification^(key): vir‧ka
• Hyphenation^(key): vir‧ka

Noun

virka

1. post, position, office, public office (public sector work, e.g. civil service work)

   olla virassa / hoitaa virkaa ― to hold an office

   astua virkaan ― to assume one's office/post/responsibilities/duties, to be inaugurated/installed/inducted into office

   asettaa virkaan ― to inaugurate into office, install into office, induct into office

2. purpose, point, function

Declension

Inflection of virka (Kotus type 9*D/kala, k–∅ gradation)
nominative		virka	virat
genitive		viran	virkojen
partitive		virkaa	virkoja
illative		virkaan	virkoihin
		singular	plural
nominative		virka	virat
accusative	nom.	virka	virat
	gen.	viran
genitive		viran	virkojen virkain rare
partitive		virkaa	virkoja
inessive		virassa	viroissa
elative		virasta	viroista
illative		virkaan	virkoihin
adessive		viralla	viroilla
ablative		viralta	viroilta
allative		viralle	viroille
essive		virkana	virkoina
translative		viraksi	viroiksi
abessive		viratta	viroitta
instructive		—	viroin
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of virka (Kotus type 9*D/kala, k–∅ gradation)

first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative virkani virkani accusative nom. virkani virkani gen. virkani genitive virkani virkojeni virkaini rare partitive virkaani virkojani inessive virassani viroissani elative virastani viroistani illative virkaani virkoihini adessive virallani viroillani ablative viraltani viroiltani allative viralleni viroilleni essive virkanani virkoinani translative virakseni viroikseni abessive virattani viroittani instructive — — comitative — virkoineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative virkasi virkasi accusative nom. virkasi virkasi gen. virkasi genitive virkasi virkojesi virkaisi rare partitive virkaasi virkojasi inessive virassasi viroissasi elative virastasi viroistasi illative virkaasi virkoihisi adessive virallasi viroillasi ablative viraltasi viroiltasi allative virallesi viroillesi essive virkanasi virkoinasi translative viraksesi viroiksesi abessive virattasi viroittasi instructive — — comitative — virkoinesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative virkamme virkamme accusative nom. virkamme virkamme gen. virkamme genitive virkamme virkojemme virkaimme rare partitive virkaamme virkojamme inessive virassamme viroissamme elative virastamme viroistamme illative virkaamme virkoihimme adessive virallamme viroillamme ablative viraltamme viroiltamme allative virallemme viroillemme essive virkanamme virkoinamme translative viraksemme viroiksemme abessive virattamme viroittamme instructive — — comitative — virkoinemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative virkanne virkanne accusative nom. virkanne virkanne gen. virkanne genitive virkanne virkojenne virkainne rare partitive virkaanne virkojanne inessive virassanne viroissanne elative virastanne viroistanne illative virkaanne virkoihinne adessive virallanne viroillanne ablative viraltanne viroiltanne allative virallenne viroillenne essive virkananne virkoinanne translative viraksenne viroiksenne abessive virattanne viroittanne instructive — — comitative — virkoinenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative virkansa virkansa accusative nom. virkansa virkansa gen. virkansa genitive virkansa virkojensa virkainsa rare partitive virkaansa virkojaan virkojansa inessive virassaan virassansa viroissaan viroissansa elative virastaan virastansa viroistaan viroistansa illative virkaansa virkoihinsa adessive virallaan virallansa viroillaan viroillansa ablative viraltaan viraltansa viroiltaan viroiltansa allative viralleen virallensa viroilleen viroillensa essive virkanaan virkanansa virkoinaan virkoinansa translative virakseen viraksensa viroikseen viroiksensa abessive virattaan virattansa viroittaan viroittansa instructive — — comitative — virkoineen virkoinensa

Derived terms

• virallinen
• virasto
• viraton
• virkailija
• virkailla

compounds

• koiranvirka
• kunniavirka
• laiskanvirka
• lääkärinvirka
• ministerinvirka
• opettajanvirka
• opetusvirka
• pakastevirka
• palkkiovirka
• papinvirka
• pappisvirka
• piispanvirka
• presidentinvirka
• professorinvirka
• sihteerinvirka
• sivuvirka
• sotilasvirka
• tuomarinvirka
• tutkijanvirka
• viraltapano
• viranhaku
• viranhakupaperi
• viranhaltija
• viranhoitaja
• viranomainen
• viranomaistehtävä
• viranomaistoimi
• viransijainen
• viransijaisuus
• virantoimitus
• virantäyttö
• virassaoloaika
• virassapysymisoikeus
• virkaa toimittava
• virka-aika
• virkaanasettajaiset
• virkaanastujaisesitelmä
• virkaanastujaiset
• virkaanastujaispuhe
• virka-ansiomerkki
• virka-apu
• virka-arvo
• virka-asema
• virka-asia
• virka-asteikko
• virka-asu
• virka-asunto
• virkaatoimittava
• virkaehto
• virkaehtosopimus
• virkaeläke
• virkaero
• virkaheitto
• virkahuone
• virkaikä
• virkainto
• virkaintoinen
• virkaintoisesti
• virkakausi
• virkakieli
• virkakielto
• virkakieltojärjestelmä
• virkakoneisto
• virkalakki
• virkaleima
• virkamatka
• virkamerkki
• virkamiehistö
• virkamies
• virkamieshallitus
• virkamiesjärjestö
• virkamieskunta
• virkamieslakko
• virkamiesmäinen
• virkanainen
• virkanimike
• virkanimitys
• virkapuhelu
• virkapuku
• virkapukuinen
• virkarakenne
• virkarikos
• virkasalaisuus
• virkasisar
• virkasuhde
• virkasuhteinen
• virkasyyte
• virkasääntö
• virkatalo
• virkatehtävä
• virkateitse
• virkatie
• virkatodistus
• virkatoimenpide
• virkatoimi
• virkatoveri
• virkatutkinto
• virkatyö
• virkaura
• virkavakuutus
• virkavala
• virkavalta
• virkavaltainen
• virkavaltaisesti
• virkavaltaisuus
• virkavapaa
• virkavapaus
• virkavastuu
• virkaveli
• virkavelvollisuus
• virkavirhe
• virkavuosi
• virkaylennys
• yliopistovirka

Further reading

• “virka”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎^[1] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 1 July 2023

Etymology 2

From Proto-Finnic *virka, borrowed from Proto-Baltic [Term?] (compare Latvian verdze).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈʋirkɑ/, [ˈʋirkɑ̝]
• Rhymes: -irkɑ
• Syllabification^(key): vir‧ka
• Hyphenation^(key): vir‧ka

Noun

virka (dialectal)

1. line or row, especially of traps or snares

Declension

Inflection of virka (Kotus type 9*D/kala, k–∅ gradation)
nominative		virka	virat
genitive		viran	virkojen
partitive		virkaa	virkoja
illative		virkaan	virkoihin
		singular	plural
nominative		virka	virat
accusative	nom.	virka	virat
	gen.	viran
genitive		viran	virkojen virkain rare
partitive		virkaa	virkoja
inessive		virassa	viroissa
elative		virasta	viroista
illative		virkaan	virkoihin
adessive		viralla	viroilla
ablative		viralta	viroilta
allative		viralle	viroille
essive		virkana	virkoina
translative		viraksi	viroiksi
abessive		viratta	viroitta
instructive		—	viroin
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of virka (Kotus type 9*D/kala, k–∅ gradation)

first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative virkani virkani accusative nom. virkani virkani gen. virkani genitive virkani virkojeni virkaini rare partitive virkaani virkojani inessive virassani viroissani elative virastani viroistani illative virkaani virkoihini adessive virallani viroillani ablative viraltani viroiltani allative viralleni viroilleni essive virkanani virkoinani translative virakseni viroikseni abessive virattani viroittani instructive — — comitative — virkoineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative virkasi virkasi accusative nom. virkasi virkasi gen. virkasi genitive virkasi virkojesi virkaisi rare partitive virkaasi virkojasi inessive virassasi viroissasi elative virastasi viroistasi illative virkaasi virkoihisi adessive virallasi viroillasi ablative viraltasi viroiltasi allative virallesi viroillesi essive virkanasi virkoinasi translative viraksesi viroiksesi abessive virattasi viroittasi instructive — — comitative — virkoinesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative virkamme virkamme accusative nom. virkamme virkamme gen. virkamme genitive virkamme virkojemme virkaimme rare partitive virkaamme virkojamme inessive virassamme viroissamme elative virastamme viroistamme illative virkaamme virkoihimme adessive virallamme viroillamme ablative viraltamme viroiltamme allative virallemme viroillemme essive virkanamme virkoinamme translative viraksemme viroiksemme abessive virattamme viroittamme instructive — — comitative — virkoinemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative virkanne virkanne accusative nom. virkanne virkanne gen. virkanne genitive virkanne virkojenne virkainne rare partitive virkaanne virkojanne inessive virassanne viroissanne elative virastanne viroistanne illative virkaanne virkoihinne adessive virallanne viroillanne ablative viraltanne viroiltanne allative virallenne viroillenne essive virkananne virkoinanne translative viraksenne viroiksenne abessive virattanne viroittanne instructive — — comitative — virkoinenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative virkansa virkansa accusative nom. virkansa virkansa gen. virkansa genitive virkansa virkojensa virkainsa rare partitive virkaansa virkojaan virkojansa inessive virassaan virassansa viroissaan viroissansa elative virastaan virastansa viroistaan viroistansa illative virkaansa virkoihinsa adessive virallaan virallansa viroillaan viroillansa ablative viraltaan viraltansa viroiltaan viroiltansa allative viralleen virallensa viroilleen viroillensa essive virkanaan virkanansa virkoinaan virkoinansa translative virakseen viraksensa viroikseen viroiksensa abessive virattaan virattansa viroittaan viroittansa instructive — — comitative — virkoineen virkoinensa

Derived terms

compounds

• Virkajärvi
• Virkamäki

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈʋirkɑˣ/, [ˈʋirkɑ̝(ʔ)]
• Rhymes: -irkɑ
• Syllabification^(key): vir‧ka
• Hyphenation^(key): vir‧ka

Verb

virka

1. inflection of virkkaa:
   1. present active indicative connegative
   2. second-person singular present imperative
   3. second-person singular present active imperative connegative

Anagrams

• kirva

Icelandic

Etymology

Borrowed from Danish virke from Old Norse virkja, from Proto-Germanic *wirkijaną.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈvɪr̥ka]
• Rhymes: -ɪr̥ka

Verb

virka (weak verb, third-person singular past indicative virkaði, supine virkað)

1. (intransitive) to work, to function

Conjugation

virka – active voice (germynd)

infinitive nafnháttur		að virka
supine sagnbót		virkað
present participle lýsingarháttur nútíðar		virkandi
		indicative framsöguháttur			subjunctive viðtengingarháttur
		present nútíð	past þátíð		present nútíð	past þátíð
singular	ég	virka	virkaði		virki	virkaði
	þú	virkar	virkaðir		virkir	virkaðir
	hann, hún, það	virkar	virkaði		virki	virkaði
plural	við	virkum	virkuðum		virkum	virkuðum
	þið	virkið	virkuðuð		virkið	virkuðuð
	þeir, þær, þau	virka	virkuðu		virki	virkuðu
		imperative boðháttur
singular	þú	virka (þú), virkaðu
plural	þið	virkið (þið), virkiði1

¹ Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.

Derived terms

• virkni (“activity, action, function”)

Ingrian

Virka.

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *virka. Cognates include Finnish virka and dialectal Estonian virg.

Pronunciation

• (Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /ˈʋirkɑ/, [ˈʋirk]
• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /ˈʋirkɑ/, [ˈʋirɡ̊ɑ]
• Rhymes: -irk, -irkɑ
• Hyphenation: vir‧ka

Noun

virka

1. necklace

Declension

Declension of virka (type 3/kana, k- gradation)
	singular	plural
nominative	virka	virat
genitive	viran	virkoin
partitive	virkaa	virkoja
illative	virkaa	virkoi
inessive	viras	virois
elative	virast	viroist
allative	viralle	viroille
adessive	viral	viroil
ablative	viralt	viroilt
translative	viraks	viroiks
essive	virkanna, virkaan	virkoinna, virkoin
exessive1)	virkant	virkoint
1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive.

Derived terms

• helmivirka

References

• Ruben E. Nirvi (1971), Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 669

Norwegian Bokmål

Alternative forms

• virket

Verb

virka

1. inflection of virke:
   1. simple past
   2. past participle

Swedish

Etymology

From Old Norse virkja, from Proto-Germanic *wirkijaną.

Verb

virka (present virkar, preterite virkade, supine virkat, imperative virka)

1. to crochet

Conjugation

Conjugation of virka (weak)

	active		passive
infinitive	virka		virkas
supine	virkat		virkats
imperative	virka		—
imper. plural1	virken		—
	present	past	present	past
indicative	virkar	virkade	virkas	virkades
ind. plural1	virka	virkade	virkas	virkades
subjunctive2	virke	virkade	virkes	virkades
present participle		virkande
past participle		virkad

¹ Archaic. ² Dated. See the appendix on Swedish verbs.

Related terms

• virkkrok
• virkning
• virknål

Anagrams

• arkiv, vikar