砝

砝 U+781D, 砝 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-781D ← 砜 [U+781C] CJK Unified Ideographs 砞 → [U+781E]

Translingual

Han character

砝 (Kangxi radical 112, 石+5, 10 strokes, cangjie input 一口土戈 (MRGI), four-corner 1463₁, composition ⿰石去)

Derived characters

• 䂶

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 828, character 25
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24081
• Dae Jaweon: page 1243, character 6
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2422, character 5
• Unihan data for U+781D

Chinese

Glyph origin

Etymology 1

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 石 + abbreviated phonetic 法.

Etymologies 2 and 3

Characters in the same phonetic series (去) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
佉	*kʰal
呿	*kʰal, *kʰas, *kʰab
抾	*kʰɯ, *kʰɯ, *kʰab
弆	*kaʔ, *kʰaʔ
祛	*kʰa
袪	*kʰa
阹	*kʰa
胠	*kʰa, *kʰas, *kʰab
魼	*kʰa, *kʰl'aːb
去	*kʰaʔ, *kʰas
麮	*kʰaʔ, *kʰas
鼁	*kʰas
砝	*kaːb, *kab
劫	*kab, *kab
鉣	*kab
蜐	*kab, *kab
怯	*kʰab

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kaːb, *kab) : semantic 石 + phonetic 去 (OC *kʰaʔ, *kʰas).

Etymology 1

simp. and trad.		砝
alternative forms		法

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): fǎ (fa³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄈㄚˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): faat³
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): hah⁶
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): hoat

  (Teochew, Peng'im): huab⁴ / huag⁴

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: fǎ
    • Zhuyin: ㄈㄚˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: fǎ
    • Wade–Giles: fa³
    • Yale: fǎ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: faa
    • Palladius: фа (fa)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fä²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: faat³
    • Yale: faat
    • Cantonese Pinyin: faat⁸
    • Guangdong Romanization: fad³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /faːt̚³/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: hah⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /haʔ¹/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: hah⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /haʔ²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hoat
    • Tâi-lô: huat
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hoad
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /huat̚⁵/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /huat̚³²/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: huab⁴ / huag⁴
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: huap / huak
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /huap̚²/, /huak̚²/

Note:

• huab4 - Chaozhou;
• huag4 - Shantou, Chenghai, Chaoyang.

Definitions

砝

1. Used in 砝碼／砝码 (fǎmǎ).

Etymology 2

simp. and trad.		砝
alternative forms		䂲

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jié (jie²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄝˊ

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jié
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄝˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jié
    • Wade–Giles: chieh²
    • Yale: jyé
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jye
    • Palladius: цзе (cze)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵/

---

• Middle Chinese: kjaep

Rime
Character	砝
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	業 (147)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	居怯切
Baxter	kjaep
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɨɐp̚/
Pan Wuyun	/kiɐp̚/
Shao Rongfen	/kiɐp̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kɨap̚/
Li Rong	/kiap̚/
Wang Li	/kĭɐp̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/ki̯ɐp̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jie
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gip3

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*kab/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	砝
Reading #	2/2
No.	10696
Phonetic component	去
Rime group	盍
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	劫
Old Chinese	/*kab/

Definitions

砝

1. (obsolete, rare) hard

Etymology 3

simp. and trad.		砝

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): gé (ge²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄜˊ

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: gé
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄜˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: gé
    • Wade–Giles: ko²
    • Yale: gé
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ger
    • Palladius: гэ (gɛ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɤ³⁵/

---

• Middle Chinese: kap

Rime
Character	砝
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	盍 (144)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	居盍切
Baxter	kap
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɑp̚/
Pan Wuyun	/kɑp̚/
Shao Rongfen	/kɑp̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kap̚/
Li Rong	/kɑp̚/
Wang Li	/kɑp̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/kɑp̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	ge
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gap3

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*kaːb/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	砝
Reading #	1/2
No.	10693
Phonetic component	去
Rime group	盍
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	砝
Old Chinese	/*kaːb/

Definitions

砝

1. (obsolete, rare) the sound of rocks

References

• 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “砝”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 61.

Japanese

Kanji

砝

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• On (unclassified): きょう (kyō)、こう (kō)、ほう (hō)
• Kun: かたい (katai)