食物
Chinese[edit]
eat; food; to feed eat; food; to feed; animal feed |
thing; object; matter | ||
---|---|---|---|
trad. (食物) | 食 | 物 | |
simp. #(食物) | 食 | 物 | |
anagram | 物食 |
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
食物
Usage notes[edit]
There is no exact equivalent for English food in Chinese. The most generic term for food is 食物 (shíwù). Use 食品 (shípǐn) for food products, 菜餚/菜肴 (càiyáo) for dishes of food, 美食 (měishí) when the taste of the food is emphasised and 吃的 (chīde) in colloquial contexts. For food as in cuisine, consider 菜 (cài) or 料理 (liàolǐ).
Synonyms[edit]
Variety | Location | Words |
---|---|---|
Classical Chinese | 食物 | |
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 食物 | |
Mandarin | Beijing | 吃食, 吃兒 |
Taiwan | 食物 | |
Harbin | 食物 | |
Jinan | 食物, 食品 | |
Wanrong | 吃的 | |
Xi'an | 吃的 | |
Yinchuan | 吃的, 吃頭 | |
Xining | 吃食 | |
Wuhan | 吃食 | |
Chengdu | 吃的, 吃貨 | |
Guiyang | 吃的 | |
Guilin | 吃的 | |
Liuzhou | 吃的東西, 食物 | |
Xuzhou | 吃食 | |
Singapore | 食物 | |
Cantonese | Hong Kong | 嘢食, 食物 |
Gan | Pingxiang | 吃食 |
Hakka | Meixian | 食物 |
Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 食物 | |
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 食物 | |
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 食物 | |
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 食物 | |
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 食物 | |
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 食物 | |
Huizhou | Jixi | 食品 |
Jin | Taiyuan | 食物 |
Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 食其乇 |
Southern Min | Xiamen | 食物, 物食, 食食 |
Quanzhou | 食物, 食食 | |
Zhangzhou | 食物, 物食, 食食 | |
Tainan | 食物, 物食 | |
Singapore (Hokkien) | 食食, 物食 | |
Manila (Hokkien) | 食物, 食食 | |
Leizhou | 物食 | |
Haikou | 物食 | |
Zhongshan Min | Shaxi (Longdu) | 食物 |
Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 食物 |
Wu | Shanghai | 吃個物事 |
Shanghai (Chongming) | 吃食物事 | |
Xiang | Loudi | 吃個 |
Derived terms[edit]
Descendants[edit]
See also[edit]
Japanese[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
食 | 物 |
しょく Grade: 2 |
もつ Grade: 3 |
on’yomi |
From Middle Chinese 食物 (zyik mjut, literally “eat + thing”). Possible alteration from strict goon reading jikimotsu, changing goon jiki for kan'on shoku.
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
食物 • (shokumotsu)
Synonyms[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
- 食物繊維 (shokumotsu sen'i): dietary fiber
- 食物連鎖 (shokumotsu rensa): a food chain
Etymology 2[edit]
Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
食 | 物 |
じき Grade: 2 |
もつ Grade: 3 |
on’yomi |
From Middle Chinese 食物 (zyik mjut, literally “eat + thing”). Possible original reading.
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
Usage notes[edit]
The shokumotsu reading is more common.
Etymology 3[edit]
Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
食 | 物 |
しょく Grade: 2 |
ぶつ Grade: 3 |
on’yomi |
From Chinese 食物 (shíwù). Possible reborrowing, or change influenced by later contact with China after borrowing of earlier goon reading jikimotsu.
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
食物 • (shokubutsu)
Usage notes[edit]
The shokumotsu reading is more common. The shokubutsu reading is generally avoided, due to the potential for confusion with the more-common term 植物 (shokubutsu, “plant, plant life”).
Etymology 4[edit]
Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
食 | 物 |
た(べ) Grade: 2 |
もの Grade: 3 |
kun’yomi |
Compound of 食べ (tabe, “stem noun form of verb 食べる (taberu, “to eat”): eating”) + 物 (mono, “thing”).[4][1]
For disambiguation, this is more commonly written with the okurigana べ in the middle as 食べ物.
Pronunciation[edit]
- (Tokyo) たべもの [tàbémóꜜnò] (Nakadaka – [3])[1][2][3]
- (Tokyo) たべもの [tàbéꜜmònò] (Nakadaka – [2])[1][2][3]
- IPA(key): [ta̠be̞mo̞no̞]
Noun[edit]
Etymology 5[edit]
Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
食 | 物 |
く(い) Grade: 2 |
もの Grade: 3 |
kun’yomi |
Compound of 食い (kui, “stem noun form of informal verb 食う (kuu, “to eat”): eating”) + 物 (mono, “thing”).[4][1]
For disambiguation, this is more commonly written with the okurigana い in the middle as 食い物.
Pronunciation[edit]
- (Tokyo) くいもの [kùímóꜜnò] (Nakadaka – [3])[1][3][2]
- (Tokyo) くいもの [kùímónóꜜ] (Odaka – [4])[2]
- IPA(key): [kɯ̟ᵝimo̞no̞]
Noun[edit]
食物 • (kuimono) ←くひもの (kufimono)?
- 食い物: food; a sexual partner; a patsy, someone tricked into being used for someone else's gain
- See 食い物 for more detail.
Verb[edit]
食物する • (kuimono suru) ←くひもの (kufimono)?suru (stem 食物し (kuimono shi), past 食物した (kuimono shita))
Etymology 6[edit]
Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
食 | 物 |
く(らい) Grade: 2 |
もの Grade: 3 |
kun’yomi |
Compound of 食らい (kurai, “stem noun form of informal verb 食らう (kurau, “to eat, to drink”): eating, drinking”) + 物 (mono, “thing”).[4][1]
For disambiguation, this is more commonly written with the okurigana らい in the middle as 食らい物.
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
食物 • (kuraimono) ←くらひもの (kurafimono)?
Etymology 7[edit]
Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
食 | 物 |
は(み) Grade: 2 |
もの Grade: 3 |
kun’yomi |
Compound of 食み (hami, “stem noun form of verb 食む (hamu, “to chew; to eat; to suck down; to incur a loss”): eating”) + 物 (mono, “thing”).[4][1]
For disambiguation, this is written with the okurigana み in the middle as 食み物.
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
Synonyms[edit]
- (fodder, animal food): 餌 (esa)
Etymology 8[edit]
Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
食 | 物 |
お(し) Grade: 2 |
もの Grade: 3 |
kun’yomi |
Compound of 食し (oshi, “stem noun form of honorific verb 食す (osu, “to eat, to drink”, honorific): eating, drinking”) + 物 (mono, “thing”).[4]
For disambiguation, this is written with the okurigana し in the middle as 食し物.
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
食物 • (oshimono) ←をしもの (wosimono)?
References[edit]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006) 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998) NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997) 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 1988, 国語大辞典(新装版) (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
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