-unk
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Hungarian[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Proto-Uralic *-mVk (“our one possession”) or Proto-Uralic *-n-mVk (“our multiple possessions”). Cognate with Moksha -нк (-nk, “our one or multiple possessions”).
Pronunciation[edit]
Suffix[edit]
-unk
- (personal suffix) Forms the first-person plural present tense of verbs (indicative mood, indefinite conjugation).
- (possessive suffix) our (first-person plural, single possession)
- (personal-pronoun suffix) of us (appended to a numeral or a pronoun)
Usage notes[edit]
- (personal suffix) Variants:
- -unk is added to back-vowel verbs
- -ünk is added to front-vowel verbs
Present tense indefinite – personal suffixes
| Person | Back vowel |
Front vowel | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| unrounded | rounded | |||
| én | 1st person singular | -ok | -ek | -ök |
| -ik verbs (optional) | -om | -em | -öm | |
| te | 2nd person singular | -sz | ||
| after two consonants or a long vowel + t | -asz | -esz | ||
| after s, sz, z, dz | -ol | -el | -öl | |
| ő maga ön |
3rd person singular | – | ||
| -ik verbs | -ik | |||
| mi | 1st person plural | -unk | -ünk | |
| ti | 2nd person plural | -tok | -tek | -tök |
| after two consonants or a long vowel + t | -otok | -etek | -ötök | |
| ők maguk önök |
3rd person plural | -nak | -nek | |
| after two consonants or a long vowel + t | -anak | -enek | ||
| See also: present-tense definite-object suffixes and second-person-object suffixes for informal addressing. | ||||
- (possessive suffix) Variants:
Possessive suffixes
| Person | Single possession | Plural possession | |
|---|---|---|---|
| én | 1st person singular | -m/-om/-am/-em/-öm | -im/-aim/-eim/-jaim/-jeim |
| te | 2nd person singular | -d/-od/-ad/-ed/-öd | -id/-aid/-eid/-jaid/-jeid |
| ő maga ön |
3rd person singular | -a/-e/-ja/-je | -i/-ai/-ei/-jai/-jei |
| mi | 1st person plural | -nk/-unk/-ünk | -ink/-aink/-eink/-jaink/-jeink |
| ti | 2nd person plural | -tok/-tek/-tök/-otok/-atok/-etek/-ötök | -itok/-itek/-aitok/-eitek/-jaitok/-jeitek |
| ők maguk önök |
3rd person plural | -uk/-ük/-juk/-jük | -ik/-aik/-eik/-jaik/-jeik |
- (personal-pronoun suffix) Variants:
Personal-pronoun suffixes
Declension[edit]
(possessive suffix and personal-pronoun suffix):
| Inflection (stem in -a-, back harmony) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | -unk | — |
| accusative | -unkat | — |
| dative | -unknak | — |
| instrumental | -unkkal | — |
| causal-final | -unkért | — |
| translative | -unkká | — |
| terminative | -unkig | — |
| essive-formal | -unkként | — |
| essive-modal | -unkul | — |
| inessive | -unkban | — |
| superessive | -unkon | — |
| adessive | -unknál | — |
| illative | -unkba | — |
| sublative | -unkra | — |
| allative | -unkhoz | — |
| elative | -unkból | — |
| delative | -unkról | — |
| ablative | -unktól | — |
| non-attributive possessive - singular |
-unké | — |
| non-attributive possessive - plural |
-unkéi | — |