leiden

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See also: Leiden

Dutch

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Etymology

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From Middle Dutch leiden, from Old Dutch leiden, from Proto-West Germanic *laidijan, from Proto-Germanic *laidijaną.

Pronunciation

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Verb

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leiden

  1. (transitive) to lead, to take the lead
  2. (transitive) to guide
  3. (intransitive) to lead, to go, to follow a path to
    Alle wegen leiden naar Rome.
    All roads lead to Rome.

Conjugation

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Conjugation of leiden (weak)
infinitive leiden
past singular leidde
past participle geleid
infinitive leiden
gerund leiden n
present tense past tense
1st person singular leid leidde
2nd person sing. (jij) leidt, leid2 leidde
2nd person sing. (u) leidt leidde
2nd person sing. (gij) leidt leidde
3rd person singular leidt leidde
plural leiden leidden
subjunctive sing.1 leide leidde
subjunctive plur.1 leiden leidden
imperative sing. leid
imperative plur.1 leidt
participles leidend geleid
1) Archaic. 2) In case of inversion.

Derived terms

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nouns
verbs

Descendants

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  • Afrikaans: lei
  • Negerhollands: lei
  • Papiamentu: lei (dated)

Anagrams

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Finnish

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Etymology 1

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Noun

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leiden

  1. genitive plural of lei

Etymology 2

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Noun

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leiden

  1. genitive plural of lee

Anagrams

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German

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Middle High German līden, from Old High German līdan, from Proto-West Germanic *līþan, from Proto-Germanic *līþaną. Cognate with Dutch lijden, English lithe. The sense developed from “go, travel” via “endure” to “suffer”. This happened under the influence of Middle High German leiden (to be sorry, suffer, be hated), from Old High German leidēn, from Proto-West Germanic *laiþijan, and also the originally unrelated noun Leid (sorrow), which is cognate with English loath.

Pronunciation

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Verb

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leiden (class 1 strong, third-person singular present leidet, past tense litt, past participle gelitten, auxiliary haben)

  1. (intransitive) to suffer, to experience pain, sorrow, etc.
    Lerne leiden ohne zu klagen.
    Learn to suffer without complaining.
  2. (transitive) to suffer, bear, endure, undergo, experience (some hardship)
    Er litt höllische Qualen.
    He suffered hellish torment.
  3. (intransitive) to suffer [with an (+ dative) ‘from a disease or condition’]
    Die Gefangenen leiden an Unterernährung.
    The prisoners suffer from malnutrition.
    • 2012 April 20, Die Welt[1], archived from the original on 12 April 2013, page 22:
      Durch Passivrauchen steigt bei Kindern das Risiko, dass sie als Erwachsene an einer chronisch-obstruktiven Lungenerkrankung leiden.
      By passive smoking, the risk increases in children that they suffer from chronic obstructive lung disease as adults.
  4. (transitive, chiefly in the negative) to like, tolerate
    Ich kann ihn einfach nicht leiden!
    I just can't stand him!

Conjugation

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Derived terms

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  • Leid (this and the following are related by secondary association only)
  • leid
  • leider

Descendants

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Further reading

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  • leiden” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
  • leiden” in Uni Leipzig: Wortschatz-Lexikon
  • leiden” in Duden online
  • leiden” in OpenThesaurus.de

Luxembourgish

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Etymology

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From Middle High German līden, from Old High German līdan, from Proto-West Germanic *līþan, from Proto-Germanic *līþaną.

Cognate with German leiden, Dutch lijden, English lithe, Icelandic líða. Related to leeden.

Pronunciation

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Verb

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leiden (third-person singular present leit, past participle gelidden, auxiliary verb hunn)

  1. (intransitive) to suffer, to feel pain
  2. (transitive) to bear, to suffer, to endure

Conjugation

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Regular
infinitive leiden
participle gelidden
auxiliary hunn
present
indicative
imperative
1st singular leiden
2nd singular leits leit
3rd singular leit
1st plural leiden
2nd plural leit leit
3rd plural leiden
(n) or (nn) indicates the Eifeler Regel.

Derived terms

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Middle Dutch

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Etymology 1

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From Old Dutch leiden, from Proto-West Germanic *laidijan, from Proto-Germanic *laidijaną.

Verb

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leiden

  1. to lead, to bring
  2. to lead, to guide, to conduct
Inflection
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Weak
Infinitive leiden
3rd sg. past
3rd pl. past
Past participle
Infinitive leiden
In genitive leidens
In dative leidene
Indicative Present Past
1st singular leide
2nd singular leits, leides
3rd singular leit, leidet
1st plural leiden
2nd plural leit, leidet
3rd plural leiden
Subjunctive Present Past
1st singular leide
2nd singular leits, leides
3rd singular leide
1st plural leiden
2nd plural leit, leidet
3rd plural leiden
Imperative Present
Singular leit, leide
Plural leit, leidet
Present Past
Participle leidende
Alternative forms
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Descendants
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Etymology 2

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From Old Dutch *Lagiþon, of Germanic origin, from a derivative of Proto-West Germanic *lagu (water).[1] Not related to Lugdunum, which it is sometimes erroneously connected to.

Noun

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leiden ?

  1. Leiden (a city in the modern Netherlands)
Inflection
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This noun needs an inflection-table template.

Descendants
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References

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  1. ^ van der Sijs, Nicoline, editor (2010), “leiden2”, in Etymologiebank, Meertens Institute

Further reading

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Old Dutch

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Etymology

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From Proto-West Germanic *laidijan, from Proto-Germanic *laidijaną.

Verb

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leiden

  1. to lead, to bring

Inflection

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Descendants

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Further reading

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  • lēden”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012