火車
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See also: 火车
Chinese[edit]
fire; angry; fierce fire; angry; fierce; fiery; thriving |
vehicle on land; car; machine vehicle on land; car; machine; to shape with a lathe | ||
---|---|---|---|
trad. (火車) | 火 | 車 | |
simp. (火车) | 火 | 车 | |
Literally: “fire vehicle”. |
Etymology[edit]
- “train”
- First attested in 美理哥合省國志略 [1838] by Elijah Coleman Bridgman, perhaps modelled on already-existing 火船, or shortened from 火烝車/火烝车, attested in the same work. It is likely not a shortening of 火輪車/火轮车 (huǒlúnchē), which was attested later than 火車/火车.
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
火車
- train (Classifier: 列 m; 架 c; 節/节 m; 班 m c; 趟 m)
- (historical) combat chariot carrying equipment for attack by fire
- (Buddhism) fiery chariot that sends a sinner to hell
Usage notes[edit]
- 火車/火车 refers to the train itself and to the mode of transportation, so it is used in terms related to the railway. 列車/列车 (lièchē) is sometimes used instead to follow technology development as trains are not steam powered anymore, but the term only refers to the train itself and cannot replace 火車/火车 in the previous term.
- Sometimes high-speed trains (高鐵/高铁 (gāotiě)) are excluded when referring 火車/火车 only.
Synonyms[edit]
- (train):
Dialectal synonyms of 火車 (“train”) [map]
Hypernyms[edit]
- (train): 交通工具 (jiāotōng gōngjù)
Derived terms[edit]
Descendants[edit]
Sino-Xenic (火車):
Others:
- → Bouyei: hojcey
- → Malay: kereta api (calque)
- Indonesian: kereta api
- → Mongolian: галт тэрэг (galt tereg) (calque)
- → Thai: รถไฟ (rót-fai) (calque)
- → Tibetan: མེ་འཁོར (me 'khor) (calque)
- → Zhuang: hojceh, → cifeiz (calque)
- → Vietnamese: xe lửa (calque)
See also[edit]
Proper noun[edit]
火車
- (Hong Kong, colloquial, somewhat dated) East Rail line
Further reading[edit]
- (Min Nan pronunciation audio) “Entry #1252”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.
Japanese[edit]
Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
火 | 車 |
か Grade: 1 |
しゃ Grade: 1 |
on’yomi |
Alternative forms[edit]
- (yōkai): 化車
Etymology[edit]
/kua t͡ɕia/ → /kʷaɕʲa/ → /kaɕa/
From Middle Chinese compound 火車 (MC xwaX tsyhae).
The "steam locomotive" sense is a semantic loan from modern Chinese 火車/火车 (huǒchē).
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
- (Buddhism) a fiery chariot that brings sinners to hell; by extension, a form of torture using this vehicle
- Synonym: 火の車 (hi no kuruma)
- a burning fire in the shape of a wheel
- Short for 火車婆 (kasha-baba): a powerful, evil old hag
- (folklore) a yōkai that steals the corpses of those who have died as a result of accumulating evil deeds
- a steam locomotive; by extension, a train
- Synonym: 汽車 (kisha)
- 1994 February 4, “Pekin chippu shidai? [Does one tip in Beijing?]”, in Mainichi Shimbun, page 7:
- 日本の二十六倍の面積がある中国だけに、火車(汽車)の旅は長い、長い。わが支局の中国人女性スタッフの場合、故郷の蘭州まで三十二時間かかる。
- Nihon no nijūrokubai no menseki ga aru Chūgoku dake ni, kasha (kisha) no tabi wa nagai, nagai. Waga shikyoku no Chūgoku-jin josei sutaffu no bāi, furusato no Ranshū made sanjūni jikan kakaru.
- Only in China, which is 26 times the size of Japan, does one experience such long, long travel by locomotive (steam train). For example one Chinese staffer in our office takes 32 hours to reach her hometown in Lanzhou.
- 日本の二十六倍の面積がある中国だけに、火車(汽車)の旅は長い、長い。わが支局の中国人女性スタッフの場合、故郷の蘭州まで三十二時間かかる。
- Alternative spelling of 花車 (kasha): a woman who manages and supervises prostitutes
Derived terms[edit]
Korean[edit]
Hanja in this term | |
---|---|
火 | 車 |
Noun[edit]
Vietnamese[edit]
chữ Hán Nôm in this term | |
---|---|
火 | 車 |
Noun[edit]
火車
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