šķidrs

Latvian

Etymology

From the same stem as šķīst (“to dissolve, to melt”) (q.v.): Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰēi- (“clear, light, shiny”). With an extra suffix -d, it lead to two Proto-Baltic variants, one voiceless (with an extra s-mobile) and one voiced: *skied-, *skaid-, *skid- (whence, with an extra suffix -ru-s, šķidrs, skaidrs (“clear”), and also — with a different suffix — skaists (“beautiful”)), and *gied-, *gaid-, *gid- (whence, also with an extra -ru-s, dzidrs (“clear, limpid”), which is etymologically a variant of šķidrs), with some form influence between the two variants. The meaning evolved from “clear, limpid” > “(liquid) having no sediment, no sludge” > “liquid.” A different opinion is that šķidrs might ultimately derive from Proto-Indo-European *skei- (“to cut, to slice”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ʃcidɾs]

Adjective

šķidrs (definite šķidrais, comparative šķidrāks, superlative visšķidrākais, adverb šķidri)

1. (physics) liquid (in a state of matter such that it can flow and take the form of its container)

   šķidra viela ― liquid substance

   pārvēst vielu šķidrā agregātstāvoklī ― to convert a substance to liquid state

   šķidrā degviela, šķidrais kurināmais ― liquid fuel

   šķidrais stikls ― liquid glass

   šķidrie minerālmēsli ― liquid mineral fertilizer

   šķidrie nokrišņi ― liquid precipitation (rainfall)

   šķidrs hēlijs ― liquid helium

2. (of mixtures) liquid, thin (composed mostly of liquids, having relatively little solid parts)

   šķidra putra, zupa ― liquid, thin porridge, soup

3. (colloquial, of hair, plumage, foliage, vegetation) thin, sparse

   šķidrie, gaišie mati ― thin, light hair

   tajā dzīvoja vecs jakuts ar šķidru bārdiņu ― there lived an old Yakut with a thin little beard

   krūmi aplokā gan nobiruši un šķidri ― the bushes in the yard were rather fallen and thin (= had few leaves)

4. (colloquial, of fabric, cloth) thin, worn off

   seju klāj šķidrs zīda lakatiņš ― a thin silk veil covered (her) face

   lētais audums kļuvis pavisam šķidrs ― the cheap fabric has become (after washing) really thin

5. (colloquial, of groups of people) thin, sparse (with members relatively far from each other)

   pūlis pavisam mazs un šķidrs kļuvis ― the crowd became small and thin

6. (colloquial, of clouds, smoke, etc.) thin (having low density)

   reti bālganzili, šķidrs mākonīši ― a few rare pale bluish thin little clouds

7. (colloquial) thin, (scattered) few, not much, unimpressive, not good

   aplausi bija šķidri ― the applause was thin

   šie man prasa: “kā ar mācībām?” “šķidri”, es saku ― they ask me: “how about your training?” “thin” (= bad), I answer

Declension

indefinite declension (nenoteiktā galotne) of šķidrs

	masculine (vīriešu dzimte)			feminine (sieviešu dzimte)
	singular (vienskaitlis)	plural (daudzskaitlis)		singular (vienskaitlis)	plural (daudzskaitlis)
nominative (nominatīvs)	šķidrs	šķidri		šķidra	šķidras
accusative (akuzatīvs)	šķidru	šķidrus		šķidru	šķidras
genitive (ģenitīvs)	šķidra	šķidru		šķidras	šķidru
dative (datīvs)	šķidram	šķidriem		šķidrai	šķidrām
instrumental (instrumentālis)	šķidru	šķidriem		šķidru	šķidrām
locative (lokatīvs)	šķidrā	šķidros		šķidrā	šķidrās
vocative (vokatīvs)	—	—		—	—

Synonyms

• (of hair, groups of people): rets
• (of hair, fabric, mixtures): plāns

Antonyms

• (antonym(s) of “of "state of matter"”): ciets (“solid”), gāzveidīgs (“gaseous”)
• (antonym(s) of “of "thin"”): biezs, blīvs

Derived terms

• šķidrums