брат

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Belarusian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Old Belarusian братъ (brat), from Old East Slavic братъ (bratŭ), from Proto-Slavic *bratrъ, *bratъ, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰréh₂tēr.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

брат • (brat) m pers (genitive бра́та, nominative plural браты́, genitive plural брато́ў, feminine сястра́, relational adjective бра́цкі or братэ́рскі, diminutive бра́цік)

  1. brother

Declension[edit]

Declension of брат (pr hard masc-form accent-c)
singular plural
nominative брат
brat 		браты́
bratý
genitive бра́та
bráta 		брато́ў
bratóŭ
dative бра́ту
brátu 		брата́м
bratám
accusative бра́та
bráta 		брато́ў
bratóŭ
instrumental бра́там
brátam 		брата́мі
bratámi
locative бра́це
brácje 		брата́х
bratáx
vocative бра́це
brácje 		—
count form — бра́ты1
bráty1

1Used with the numbers 2, 3, 4 and higher numbers after 20 ending in 2, 3, and 4.

Derived terms[edit]

Bulgarian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Slavic *bratrъ, *bratъ, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰréh₂tēr.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): [brat]
  • Audio(file)
  • Rhymes: -at

Noun[edit]

брат • (brat) m (relational adjective бра́тов or бра́тски, diminutive бра́тец or братле́ or брато́к or бра́тче)

  1. brother

Declension[edit]

Declension of брат
singular plural
indefinite брат
brat 		бра́тя, бра́те1, бра́кя1, бра́йкя1, бра́тия2
brátja, bráte1, brákja1, brájkja1, brátija2
definite
(subject form) 		бра́тът
brátǎt 		бра́тята, бра́тете1, бра́кята1, бра́йкята1, бра́тията2
brátjata, brátete1, brákjata1, brájkjata1, brátijata2
definite
(object form) 		бра́та
bráta
vocative form бра́те, бра́тко
bráte, brátko 		бра́тя, бра́те1, бра́кя1, бра́йкя1, бра́тия2
brátja, bráte1, brákja1, brájkja1, brátija2

1Dialectal.
2Archaic.

Macedonian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *bratrъ, *bratъ, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰréh₂tēr.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): [brat]
  • Audio(file)
  • Hyphenation: брат

Noun[edit]

брат • (brat) m (plural бра́ќа, feminine се́стра, relational adjective бра́тски, diminutive бра́тче or ба́то or ба́те or ба́тко)

  1. brother
    Бра́т ми се пресели во Лондон. ― Brát mi se preseli vo London. ― My brother has moved to London.
  2. (slang) bro, mate, pal, dude, buddy, bud, dawg (to address somebody, usually used by youngsters)
    Ка́ј си, бе, брат? ― Káj si, be, brat? ― What's up, bro?
    Шо́ има, брат? ― Šó ima, brat? ― What up, dawg?
    Брат, ќе одиме на́ кафе или слабо? ― Brat, ḱe odime ná kafe ili slabo? ― Bro, we goin' for coffee or nah?
    Брат, мораш да го видиш ова. ― Brat, moraš da go vidiš ova. ― Dude, you have to see this.
    Не́, бе, брат. ― Né, be, brat. ― Nah, man/bro/mate/dude.
  3. (colloquial) Used to designate someone resembling the person in question, especially in character (hyperbolically suggesting that he could therefore be that person's brother).

Usage notes[edit]

  • When this word is used in the sense of "brother", the vocative form is mostly "брату". When it's used in the sense of "mate", "pal", or "buddy", the vocative form is mostly "брате". However, in the second sense, the vocative form is not used. Among youngsters, the basic form "брат" is dominant (and quite popular, at that).
  • With акцентски целости (common stress) it should be pronounced as one word, на́ кафе, but common stress has vanished in most sentences in Northern, Central (only youngsters) and Eastern Macedonia, resulting in на ка́фе. Macedonians from the other parts still use common stress (standard Macedonian) among them in every form.

Declension[edit]

Declension of брат
singular plural
indefinite брат браќа
definite unspecified братот браќата
definite proximal братов браќава
definite distal братон браќана
vocative брату, брате браќа
count form — брата

References[edit]

  • “брат” in Дигитален речник на македонскиот јазик (Digitalen rečnik na makedonskiot jazik) [Digital dictionary of the Macedonian language] − drmj.eu

Russian[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Inherited from Old East Slavic братъ (bratŭ), from Proto-Slavic *bratrъ, *bratъ, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰréh₂tēr.

Cognates include Sanskrit भ्रातृ (bhrātṛ), Latin frater, English brother and English pal.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

брат • (brat) m anim (genitive бра́та, nominative plural бра́тья*, genitive plural бра́тьев*, relational adjective бра́тский, diminutive бра́тик or бра́тец or брато́к or брати́шка) (* The soft ending of the plural was originally used for feminine collective nouns, and the meaning of братья then was brotherhood.)

  1. brother
    родно́й брат ― rodnój brat ― brother (sibling)
    двою́родный брат ― dvojúrodnyj brat ― cousin, first cousin
    трою́родный брат ― trojúrodnyj brat ― second cousin
    единокро́вный брат ― jedinokróvnyj brat ― paternal half brother
    единоутро́бный брат ― jedinoutróbnyj brat ― maternal half brother
    сво́дный брат ― svódnyj brat ― stepbrother
  2. old boy, pal
  3. kind, sort

Declension[edit]

Declension of брат (anim masc-form hard-stem accent-a irreg) 
singular plural
nominative бра́т
brát 		бра́тья△*
brátʹja△*
genitive бра́та
bráta 		бра́тьев△*
brátʹjev△*
dative бра́ту
brátu 		бра́тьям△*
brátʹjam△*
accusative бра́та
bráta 		бра́тьев△*
brátʹjev△*
instrumental бра́том
brátom 		бра́тьями△*
brátʹjami△*
prepositional бра́те
bráte 		бра́тьях△*
brátʹjax△*
vocative бра́те
bráte

△ Irregular.
* The soft ending of the plural was originally used for feminine collective nouns, and the meaning of братья then was brotherhood.

Derived terms[edit]

Descendants[edit]

  • → Armenian: բրատ (brat) (slang)
  • → Georgian: ბრატ (braṭ) (slang)
  • → Yakut: быраат (bıraat)

Rusyn[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Slavic *bratrъ, *bratъ, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰréh₂tēr.

Noun[edit]

брат • (brat) m

  1. brother

Declension[edit]

declension of брат
singular plural
nominative
(номінатів) 		брат бра́ты
genitive
(ґенітів) 		бра́та бра́тӱв
dative
(датів) 		бра́тови, бра́ту бра́тям, бра́тӱм
accusative
(акузатів) 		бра́та бра́тӱв
instrumental
(інштрументал) 		бра́том бра́тами
locative
(локал) 		бра́ту бра́тях
vocative
(вокатів) 		бра́те бра́ты

Further reading[edit]

Serbo-Croatian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *bratrъ, *bratъ, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰréh₂tēr.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

бра̏т m (Latin spelling brȁt, diminutive бра̏тић, relational adjective бра̀тскӣ)

  1. brother
  2. mate, pal, buddy, when used in informal speech to address somebody in vocative (brate)

Usage notes[edit]

There is no plural form for this noun. Instead, the collective term бра̏ћа is used for plural meanings.

Declension[edit]

Declension of брат
singular
nominative брат
genitive брата
dative брату
accusative брата
vocative брате
locative брату
instrumental братом

Derived terms[edit]

Ukrainian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Slavic *bratrъ, *bratъ, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰréh₂tēr.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

брат • (brat) m pers (genitive брата́, nominative plural брати́, genitive plural браті́в, relational adjective бра́тній or бра́тський or брате́рський, diminutive бра́тик or бра́тець or брату́нь)

  1. brother (biological sibling)
  2. brother (member of the Christian brotherhood)
  3. pal, mate

Declension[edit]

Declension of брат (pers hard masc-form accent-b)
singular plural
nominative брат
brat 		брати́
bratý
genitive брата́
bratá 		браті́в
bratív
dative брато́ві, брату́
bratóvi, bratú 		брата́м
bratám
accusative брата́
bratá 		браті́в
bratív
instrumental брато́м
bratóm 		брата́ми
bratámy
locative брато́ві, браті́
bratóvi, bratí 		брата́х
bratáx
vocative бра́те
bráte 		брати́
bratý

Related terms[edit]

Further reading[edit]

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