брат

Belarusian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *bratrъ, *bratъ, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰréh₂tēr.

Noun

брат • (brat) m, gen. sg. бра́та (bráta), nom. pl. браты́ (bratý), feminine equivalent сястра́ (sjastrá)

1. brother

Usage notes

• The word also has a vocative form - бра́це.

Declension

Declension of брат

	singular	plural
nominative (назоўны)	брат brat	браты́ bratý
genitive (родны)	бра́та bráta	брато́ў bratóŭ
dative (давальны)	бра́ту brátu	брата́м bratám
accusative (вінавальны)	бра́та bráta	брато́ў bratóŭ
instrumental (творны)	бра́там brátam	брата́мі bratámi
locative (месны)	бра́це brácje	брата́х bratáx

Derived terms

• бра́цкі (brácki), братэ́рскі (bratérski)
• бра́цтва (bráctva), братэ́рства (bratérstva)
• стрые́чны брат (stryjéčny brat)

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Bulgarian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *bratrъ, *bratъ, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰréh₂tēr.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /brat/

Noun

брат • (brat) m

1. brother

Inflection

inflection of брат

	singular	plural
indefinite	брат	братя
definite (subject form)	братът	братята
definite (object form)	брата
vocative form	брате, братко	братя

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Macedonian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *bratrъ, *bratъ, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰréh₂tēr.

Noun

брат • (brat) m (plural браќа, diminutive братче)

1. brother

   Брат ми се пресели во Лондон.

   My brother has moved to London.

2. mate, pal, buddy (used in informal speech to address somebody)

   Кај си бе, брат?

   What's up, bro?

Usage notes

• When this word is used in the sense of "brother", the vocative form is mostly "брату". When it's used in the sense of "mate", "pal", or "buddy", the vocative form is mostly "брате". However, in the second sense, the vocative form is not necessarily used. Among youngsters, the basic form "брат" is dominant (and quite popular, at that).

Declension

Declension of брат

	singular	plural
indefinite	брат	браќа
definite unspecified	братот	браќата
definite proximal	братов	браќава
definite distal	братон	браќана
vocative	брату, брате	браќа
count form	—	брата

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Russian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *bratrъ, *bratъ, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰréh₂tēr.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [brat]

• Audio

  (file)

Noun

брат • (brat) m anim (genitive бра́та, nominative plural бра́тья^*, genitive plural бра́тьев^*) (* The soft ending of the plural was originally used for feminine collective nouns, and the meaning of братья then was brotherhood.)

1. brother
2. old boy, pal

Declension

Declension of брат (anim masc-form hard-stem accent-a irreg) 

	singular	plural
nominative	бра́т brát	бра́тья△* brátʹja△*
genitive	бра́та bráta	бра́тьев△* brátʹjev△*
dative	бра́ту brátu	бра́тьям△* brátʹjam△*
accusative	бра́та bráta	бра́тьев△* brátʹjev△*
instrumental	бра́том brátom	бра́тьями△* brátʹjami△*
prepositional	бра́те bráte	бра́тьях△* brátʹjax△*
vocative	бра́те bráte

^△ Irregular.
^* The soft ending of the plural was originally used for feminine collective nouns, and the meaning of братья then was brotherhood.

Related terms

• бра́тов (brátov)
• бра́тец (brátec), брати́шка (bratíška)
• братва́ (bratvá), брато́к (bratók), брата́н (bratán)
• бра́тский (brátskij)

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Rusyn

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *bratrъ, *bratъ, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰréh₂tēr.

Noun

брат • (brat) m

1. brother

Declension

declension of брат

	singular	plural
nominative (номінатів)	брат	бра́ты
genitive (ґенітів)	бра́та	бра́тӱв
dative (датів)	бра́тови, бра́ту	бра́тям, бра́тӱм
accusative (акузатів)	бра́та	бра́тӱв
instrumental (інштрументал)	бра́том	бра́тами
locative (локал)	бра́ту	бра́тях
vocative (вокатів)	бра́те	бра́ты

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Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *bratrъ, *bratъ, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰréh₂tēr.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /brât/

Noun

бра̏т m (Latin spelling brȁt)

1. brother
2. mate, pal, buddy, when used in informal speech to address somebody in vocative (brate)

Usage notes

There is no plural form for this noun. Instead, the collective term бра̏ћа is used for plural meanings.

Declension

Declension of брат

	singular
nominative	брат
genitive	брата
dative	брату
accusative	брата
vocative	брате
locative	брату
instrumental	братом

Derived terms

• бра̏тац
• брата̀кати се
• брата́нац
• бра̏тић
• бра̀тија
• бра̏тимити се
• бра̏тӣмство
• бра̏тӣнство

• бра̏тити се
• бра̏тјенац
• бра̏тољӯбље
• братоу̀билачкӣ
• братоу̀бојица
• братоу̀бо̄јство
• бра̏то̄в

• бра̏товљев
• бра̏товљӣ
• бра̏товскӣ
• брато́вштина
• бра̀тскӣ
• бра̀тство
• бра̀тучед

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Ukrainian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *bratrъ, *bratъ, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰréh₂tēr.

Pronunciation

• Audio

  (file)

• IPA^(key): [ˈbrɑt]

Noun

брат • (brat) m anim (genitive брата́, nominative plural брати́)

1. brother (biological sibling)
2. brother (member of the Christian brotherhood)
3. pal, mate

Declension

Declension of брат

	singular	plural
nominative	брат brat	брати́ bratý
genitive	брата́ bratá	браті́в bratív
dative	брато́ві, брату́ bratóvi, bratú	брата́м bratám
accusative	брата́ bratá	браті́в bratív
instrumental	брато́м bratóm	брата́ми bratámy
locative	брато́ві, браті́ bratóvi, bratí	брата́х bratáx
vocative	бра́те bráte	брати́ bratý

References

• Melʹnyčuk O. S., editor (1982), “брат”, in Etymolohičnyj slovnyk ukrajinsʹkoji movy [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), volume I, Kiev: Naukova Dumka, page 246
• брат in Bilodid I. K., editor (1970–1980) Slovnyk ukrajinsʹkoji movy, Kiev: Naukova Dumka