ось

Russian

Etymology

Inherited from Old East Slavic ось (osĭ), from Proto-Slavic *osь (“axle”).

In the sense of "operating system", is an adaptation of the English acronym OS in the same sense.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [osʲ]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Audio (Saint Petersburg):

  (file)

Noun

ось • (osʹ) f inan (genitive о́си, nominative plural о́си, genitive plural осе́й, relational adjective осево́й)

1. axis
   • 1967, “Song about Bears”, in Кавка́зская пле́нница [Kidnapping, Caucasian Style]‎^[1] (film):

     Где́-то на бе́лом све́те, / Та́м, где всегда́ моро́з, / Тру́тся спино́й медве́ди / О земну́ю о́сь. / Ми́мо плыву́т столе́тья, / Спя́т подо льдо́м моря́, / Тру́тся об о́сь медве́ди, / Ве́ртится земля́.

     Gdé-to na bélom svéte, / Tám, gde vsegdá moróz, / Trútsja spinój medvédi / O zemnúju ósʹ. / Mímo plyvút stolétʹja, / Spját podo lʹdóm morjá, / Trútsja ob ósʹ medvédi, / Vértitsja zemljá.

     Somewhere in the world, / Where it is always cold, / Bears are rubbing their backs, / Against the earth's axis. / The centuries are swimming by, / The seas are sleeping under the ice, / Bears are rubbing against the axis, / The earth is spinning.

2. axle
3. (computer slang) operating system

Declension

Declension of ось (inan fem-form 3rd-decl accent-e/fʺ) 

	singular	plural
nominative	о́сь ósʹ	о́си ósi
genitive	о́си, оси́ ósi, osí	осе́й oséj
dative	о́си, оси́ ósi, osí	ося́м osjám
accusative	о́сь ósʹ	о́си ósi
instrumental	о́сью ósʹju	ося́ми osjámi
prepositional	о́си, оси́ ósi, osí	ося́х osjáx
locative	на оси́ na osí

Pre-reform declension of ось (inan fem-form 3rd-decl accent-e/fʺ) 

	singular	plural
nominative	о́сь ósʹ	о́си ósi
genitive	о́си, оси́ ósi, osí	осе́й oséj
dative	о́си, оси́ ósi, osí	ося́мъ osjám
accusative	о́сь ósʹ	о́си ósi
instrumental	о́сью ósʹju	ося́ми osjámi
prepositional	о́си, оси́ ósi, osí	ося́хъ osjáx
locative	на оси́ na osí

Synonyms

• вал (val)
• вту́лка (vtúlka)
• сте́ржень (stérženʹ)
• шпи́ндель (špíndelʹ)

Coordinate terms

• о́бод (óbod)

Derived terms

• полуо́сь f (poluósʹ)

Related terms

Related via Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱs-:

• ателье́ n (atelʹjé)
• аксо́н m (aksón)

References

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “ось”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Chernykh, P. Ja. (1999), “ось”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 1 (а – пантомима), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 609

Further reading

• Dal, Vladimir (1880–1882), “ось”, in Толковый Словарь живаго великорускаго языка [Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language] (in Russian), 2nd edition, Publication of the bookseller-typographer Wolf, M. O.
• Sreznevsky, Izmail I. (1902), “ось”, in Матеріалы для Словаря древне-русскаго языка по письменнымъ памятникамъ [Materials for the Dictionary of the Old East Slavic Language Based on Written Monuments]‎^[2] (in Russian), volume 2 (Л – П), Saint Petersburg: Department of Russian Language and Literature of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, column 752
• Kuznetsov, Sergey Alexandrovich (1998), “ось”, in Большой толковый словарь русского языка [Great Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian language] (in Russian), Saint Petersburg: Norint, →ISBN

Ukrainian

Etymology

A merger of о (o) +‎ се (se) which underwent subsequent reduction. Cognate with Belarusian вось (vosʹ).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɔsʲ]

• Audio:

  (file)

Particle

ось • (osʹ)

1. here (is), this (is), there (is), that (is)

   Synonym: от (ot)

Further reading

• Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “ось”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
• “ось”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)
• “ось”, in Словник.ua [Slovnyk.ua] (in Ukrainian)