درس

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See also: د ر س

Arabic[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From the root د ر س (d-r-s). According to Geiger meanings of interpreting pettily much, the meaning “deuteln”, specifically in Qurʿān 6:105 and Qurʿān 6:156, are a semantic loan from Hebrew דָּרַשׁ (dāráś).

Pronunciation[edit]

  • Verb I: IPA(key): /da.ra.sa/,
    Audio(file)
  • Verb II: IPA(key): /dar.ra.sa/
  • Noun: IPA(key): /dars/

Verb[edit]

دَرَسَ • (darasa) I, non-past يَدْرُسُ‎ (yadrusu)

  1. to become erased, to become effaced, to become obliterated, to become wiped out, to become hard to see

Conjugation[edit]

Conjugation of
دَرَسَ
(form-I sound, verbal noun دُرُوس)
verbal noun
الْمَصْدَر
durūs
active participle
اِسْم الْفَاعِل
dāris
active voice
الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
singular
الْمُفْرَد 		dual
الْمُثَنَّى 		plural
الْجَمْع
1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative
الْمَاضِي 		m
darastu
darasta
دَرَسَ

darasa
darastumā
darasā
darasnā
darastum
darasū
f
darasti
darasat
darasatā
darastunna
darasna
non-past (imperfect) indicative
الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع 		m
ʔadrusu
tadrusu
yadrusu
tadrusāni
yadrusāni
nadrusu
tadrusūna
yadrusūna
f
tadrusīna
tadrusu
tadrusāni
tadrusna
yadrusna
subjunctive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب 		m
ʔadrusa
tadrusa
yadrusa
tadrusā
yadrusā
nadrusa
tadrusū
yadrusū
f
tadrusī
tadrusa
tadrusā
tadrusna
yadrusna
jussive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم 		m
ʔadrus
tadrus
yadrus
tadrusā
yadrusā
nadrus
tadrusū
yadrusū
f
tadrusī
tadrus
tadrusā
tadrusna
yadrusna
imperative
الْأَمْر 		m
udrus
udrusā
udrusū
f
udrusī
udrusna

Verb[edit]

دَرَسَ • (darasa) I, non-past يَدْرُسُ‎ (yadrusu)

  1. to erase, to efface, to obliterate, to wipe out, to make hard to see
  2. to thresh, to flail
    • c. 1200, يحيى بن محمد بن أحمد بن العوام [yaḥyā ibn muḥammad ibn ʔaḥmad ibn al-ʕawwām], edited by José Antonio Banqueri, كتاب الفلاحة [Book on Agriculture], volume 2, Madrid: Imprenta Real, published 1802IA, Cap. 30, Art. 7, page 416:
      وَأَمَّا المُصَنَّبُ فَيُؤْخَذُ الصِنَابُ الْحَدِيثُ وَيُجْتَنَبُ الْقَدِيمُ وَيُغْسَلُ حَبُّهُ بِالْمَاءِ الْعَذْبِ وَيُجَفَّفُ ثُمَّ يُدْرَسُ وَيُغَرْبَلُ ثُمَّ يُعْمَدُ إِلَى الْمُصْطَارِ الْحُلْوِ الْغَايَةِ فِي الْحَلَاوَةِ فَيُمْلِئ مِنْهُ خَابِيَةً وَيُقَسَّمُ ذٰلِكَ الصِنَابُ أَقْسَامًا ثَلَاثَةً وَيُجْعَلُ كُلُّ ثُلْثٍ فِي خَرِيطَةٍ وَيُرْبَطُ فِي قَصَبَةٍ مِثْلَ مَا تَقَدَّمَ وَيُذْرَى مِن ذٰلِكَ الصِنَابِ عَلَى وَجْهِ الْمُصْطَارِ فِي أَعْلَا الْخَابِيَةِ حَتَّى يُسْتَرَ وَيَنْعَقِدَ.
      wa-ʔammā l-muṣannabu fayuʔḵaḏu ṣ-ṣinābu l-ḥadīṯu wa-yujtanabu l-qadīmu wa-yuḡsalu ḥabbu-hū bi-l-māʔi l-ʕaḏbi wa-yujaffafu ṯumma yudrasu wa-yuḡarbalu ṯumma yuʕmadu ʔilā l-muṣṭāri l-ḥulwi l-ḡāyati fī l-ḥalāwati fa-yumliʔ min-hu ḵābiyatan wa-yuqassamu ḏālika ṣ-ṣinābu ʔaqsāman ṯalāṯatan wa-yujʕalu kullu ṯulṯin fī ḵarīṭatin wa-yurbaṭu fī qaṣabatin miṯla mā taqaddama wa-yuḏrā min ḏālika ṣ-ṣinābi ʕalā wajhi l-muṣṭāri fī ʔaʕlā l-ḵābiyati ḥattā yustara wa-yanʕaqida.
      In what concerns the mustard preparation, one takes new mustard, avoiding the old, and cleans its grains with sweet water and dries them, then one threshes and sieves it, thereafter puts it to must of utmost sweetness, and it fills from it a vessel, and this mustard is dealt into three portions, of which all thirds are transferred into a pouch tied up with a cane in the way said earlier, and from this mustard one sews onto the must’s surface in the upper part of the vessel until it is covered and thickens.
  3. to study
    هُوَ يَدْرُسُ الرِّيَاضِيَاتِ فِي الْجَامِعَةِ.
    huwa yadrusu r-riyāḍiyāti fī l-jāmiʕati.
    He studies mathematics at the university.
  4. to learn
    أُرِيدُ أَنْ أَدْرُسَ ٱللُّغَةَ ٱلْعَرَبِيَّة
    ʔurīdu ʔan ʔadrusa l-luḡata l-ʕarabiyya
    I want to learn Arabic

Conjugation[edit]

Conjugation of
دَرَسَ
(form-I sound, verbal nouns دَرْس or دِرَاس or دِرَاسَة)
verbal nouns
الْمَصَادِر
dars or dirās or dirāsa
active participle
اِسْم الْفَاعِل
dāris
passive participle
اِسْم الْمَفْعُول
madrūs
active voice
الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
singular
الْمُفْرَد 		dual
الْمُثَنَّى 		plural
الْجَمْع
1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative
الْمَاضِي 		m
darastu
darasta
دَرَسَ

darasa
darastumā
darasā
darasnā
darastum
darasū
f
darasti
darasat
darasatā
darastunna
darasna
non-past (imperfect) indicative
الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع 		m
ʔadrusu
tadrusu
yadrusu
tadrusāni
yadrusāni
nadrusu
tadrusūna
yadrusūna
f
tadrusīna
tadrusu
tadrusāni
tadrusna
yadrusna
subjunctive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب 		m
ʔadrusa
tadrusa
yadrusa
tadrusā
yadrusā
nadrusa
tadrusū
yadrusū
f
tadrusī
tadrusa
tadrusā
tadrusna
yadrusna
jussive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم 		m
ʔadrus
tadrus
yadrus
tadrusā
yadrusā
nadrus
tadrusū
yadrusū
f
tadrusī
tadrus
tadrusā
tadrusna
yadrusna
imperative
الْأَمْر 		m
udrus
udrusā
udrusū
f
udrusī
udrusna
passive voice
الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
singular
الْمُفْرَد 		dual
الْمُثَنَّى 		plural
الْجَمْع
1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative
الْمَاضِي 		m
duristu
durista
دُرِسَ

durisa
duristumā
durisā
durisnā
duristum
durisū
f
duristi
durisat
durisatā
duristunna
durisna
non-past (imperfect) indicative
الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع 		m
ʔudrasu
tudrasu
yudrasu
tudrasāni
yudrasāni
nudrasu
tudrasūna
yudrasūna
f
tudrasīna
tudrasu
tudrasāni
tudrasna
yudrasna
subjunctive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب 		m
ʔudrasa
tudrasa
yudrasa
tudrasā
yudrasā
nudrasa
tudrasū
yudrasū
f
tudrasī
tudrasa
tudrasā
tudrasna
yudrasna
jussive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم 		m
ʔudras
tudras
yudras
tudrasā
yudrasā
nudras
tudrasū
yudrasū
f
tudrasī
tudras
tudrasā
tudrasna
yudrasna

Verb[edit]

دَرَّسَ • (darrasa) II, non-past يُدَرِّسُ‎ (yudarrisu)

  1. (ditransitive) to teach, to educate

Conjugation[edit]

Conjugation of
دَرَّسَ
(form-II sound)
verbal noun
الْمَصْدَر
tadrīs
active participle
اِسْم الْفَاعِل
mudarris
passive participle
اِسْم الْمَفْعُول
mudarras
active voice
الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
singular
الْمُفْرَد 		dual
الْمُثَنَّى 		plural
الْجَمْع
1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative
الْمَاضِي 		m
darrastu
darrasta
دَرَّسَ

darrasa
darrastumā
darrasā
darrasnā
darrastum
darrasū
f
darrasti
darrasat
darrasatā
darrastunna
darrasna
non-past (imperfect) indicative
الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع 		m
ʔudarrisu
tudarrisu
yudarrisu
tudarrisāni
yudarrisāni
nudarrisu
tudarrisūna
yudarrisūna
f
tudarrisīna
tudarrisu
tudarrisāni
tudarrisna
yudarrisna
subjunctive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب 		m
ʔudarrisa
tudarrisa
yudarrisa
tudarrisā
yudarrisā
nudarrisa
tudarrisū
yudarrisū
f
tudarrisī
tudarrisa
tudarrisā
tudarrisna
yudarrisna
jussive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم 		m
ʔudarris
tudarris
yudarris
tudarrisā
yudarrisā
nudarris
tudarrisū
yudarrisū
f
tudarrisī
tudarris
tudarrisā
tudarrisna
yudarrisna
imperative
الْأَمْر 		m
دَرِّسْ

darris
darrisā
darrisū
f
darrisī
darrisna
passive voice
الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
singular
الْمُفْرَد 		dual
الْمُثَنَّى 		plural
الْجَمْع
1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative
الْمَاضِي 		m
durristu
durrista
دُرِّسَ

durrisa
durristumā
durrisā
durrisnā
durristum
durrisū
f
durristi
durrisat
durrisatā
durristunna
durrisna
non-past (imperfect) indicative
الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع 		m
ʔudarrasu
tudarrasu
yudarrasu
tudarrasāni
yudarrasāni
nudarrasu
tudarrasūna
yudarrasūna
f
tudarrasīna
tudarrasu
tudarrasāni
tudarrasna
yudarrasna
subjunctive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب 		m
ʔudarrasa
tudarrasa
yudarrasa
tudarrasā
yudarrasā
nudarrasa
tudarrasū
yudarrasū
f
tudarrasī
tudarrasa
tudarrasā
tudarrasna
yudarrasna
jussive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم 		m
ʔudarras
tudarras
yudarras
tudarrasā
yudarrasā
nudarras
tudarrasū
yudarrasū
f
tudarrasī
tudarras
tudarrasā
tudarrasna
yudarrasna

Noun[edit]

دَرْس • (dars) m (plural دُرُوس (durūs))

  1. verbal noun of دَرَسَ (darasa) (form I)
  2. study, studies
  3. lesson
  4. class, class hour, period
  5. lecture

Declension[edit]

Declension of noun دَرْس (dars)
Singular basic singular triptote
Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal دَرْس
dars 		الدَّرْس
ad-dars 		دَرْس
dars
Nominative دَرْسٌ
darsun 		الدَّرْسُ
ad-darsu 		دَرْسُ
darsu
Accusative دَرْسًا
darsan 		الدَّرْسَ
ad-darsa 		دَرْسَ
darsa
Genitive دَرْسٍ
darsin 		الدَّرْسِ
ad-darsi 		دَرْسِ
darsi
Dual Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal دَرْسَيْن
darsayn 		الدَّرْسَيْن
ad-darsayn 		دَرْسَيْ
darsay
Nominative دَرْسَانِ
darsāni 		الدَّرْسَانِ
ad-darsāni 		دَرْسَا
darsā
Accusative دَرْسَيْنِ
darsayni 		الدَّرْسَيْنِ
ad-darsayni 		دَرْسَيْ
darsay
Genitive دَرْسَيْنِ
darsayni 		الدَّرْسَيْنِ
ad-darsayni 		دَرْسَيْ
darsay
Plural basic broken plural triptote
Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal دُرُوس
durūs 		الدُّرُوس
ad-durūs 		دُرُوس
durūs
Nominative دُرُوسٌ
durūsun 		الدُّرُوسُ
ad-durūsu 		دُرُوسُ
durūsu
Accusative دُرُوسًا
durūsan 		الدُّرُوسَ
ad-durūsa 		دُرُوسَ
durūsa
Genitive دُرُوسٍ
durūsin 		الدُّرُوسِ
ad-durūsi 		دُرُوسِ
durūsi

Descendants[edit]

  • → Armenian: դարս (dars) (Karadagh)
  • → Azerbaijani: dərs
  • → Bashkir: дәрес (dəres)
  • → Northern Kurdish: ders
  • → Nogai: дерис (deris)
  • → Ottoman Turkish: درس (ders)
  • Turkish: ders
  • → Persian: درس (dars)
  • → Swahili: darasa
  • → Tatar: дәрес (däres)

Noun[edit]

دِرْس • (dirs) m (plural أَدْرَاس (ʔadrās))

  1. relic, trace, mark (of a thing effaced)

Declension[edit]

Declension of noun دِرْس (dirs)
Singular basic singular triptote
Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal دِرْس
dirs 		الدِّرْس
ad-dirs 		دِرْس
dirs
Nominative دِرْسٌ
dirsun 		الدِّرْسُ
ad-dirsu 		دِرْسُ
dirsu
Accusative دِرْسًا
dirsan 		الدِّرْسَ
ad-dirsa 		دِرْسَ
dirsa
Genitive دِرْسٍ
dirsin 		الدِّرْسِ
ad-dirsi 		دِرْسِ
dirsi
Dual Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal دِرْسَيْن
dirsayn 		الدِّرْسَيْن
ad-dirsayn 		دِرْسَيْ
dirsay
Nominative دِرْسَانِ
dirsāni 		الدِّرْسَانِ
ad-dirsāni 		دِرْسَا
dirsā
Accusative دِرْسَيْنِ
dirsayni 		الدِّرْسَيْنِ
ad-dirsayni 		دِرْسَيْ
dirsay
Genitive دِرْسَيْنِ
dirsayni 		الدِّرْسَيْنِ
ad-dirsayni 		دِرْسَيْ
dirsay
Plural basic broken plural triptote
Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal أَدْرَاس
ʔadrās 		الْأَدْرَاس
al-ʔadrās 		أَدْرَاس
ʔadrās
Nominative أَدْرَاسٌ
ʔadrāsun 		الْأَدْرَاسُ
al-ʔadrāsu 		أَدْرَاسُ
ʔadrāsu
Accusative أَدْرَاسًا
ʔadrāsan 		الْأَدْرَاسَ
al-ʔadrāsa 		أَدْرَاسَ
ʔadrāsa
Genitive أَدْرَاسٍ
ʔadrāsin 		الْأَدْرَاسِ
al-ʔadrāsi 		أَدْرَاسِ
ʔadrāsi

References[edit]

Baluchi[edit]

Noun[edit]

درس • (darsun)

  1. lesson

See also[edit]

Ottoman Turkish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Arabic دَرْس (dars).

Noun[edit]

درس • (ders)

  1. lesson
  2. lecture

Descendants[edit]

Persian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed from Arabic دَرْس (dars).

Pronunciation[edit]

 

Readings
Classical reading? dars
Dari reading? dars
Iranian reading? dars
Tajik reading? dars

Noun[edit]

Dari درس
Iranian Persian
Tajik дарс

درس • (dars)

  1. lesson
    درس اول ― dars-e avval ― first lesson
  2. lecture
  3. (agriculture) threshing, act of separation of grain from the straw or husks by mechanical beating, with a flail or machinery.

Inflection[edit]

    Enclitic-attached forms of درس (dars) (Iranian Persian)
    Basic forms of درس (dars)
singular plural
bare درس
(dars) 		درس‌ها
(dars-hấ)
درسا △
(darsấ)
definitive direct object درس را
(dars râ)
درس رو △
(darso) 		درس‌ها را
(dars-hấ râ)
درسا رو △
(darsấ ro)
ezâfe درس
(dars-e) 		درس‌های
(dars-hấ-ye)
درسای △
(darsấ-ye)
marked indefinite
or relative definite 		درسی
(dars-i) 		درس‌هایی
(darsấn-i, dars-hấ-i)
درسایی △
(darsấi)
△ Colloquial.

Derived terms[edit]

South Levantine Arabic[edit]

Root
د ر س
2 terms

Etymology 1[edit]

From Arabic دَرَسَ (darasa).

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /da.ras/, [ˈda.ras]
  • Audio (al-Lidd)(file)

Verb[edit]

درس • (daras) I (present بدرس (bodros))

  1. to study
    لازم ندرس الموضوع منيح.
    lāzem nodros il-mawḍūʕ mnīḥ.
    We must study the subject well.
  2. (by extension) to learn
    Synonym: تعلم (tʕallam)
Conjugation[edit]
    Conjugation of درس (daras)
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
past m درست (darast) درست (darast) درس (daras) درسنا (darasna) درستو (darastu) درسو (darasu)
f درستي (darasti) درست (darsat)
present m بدرس (badros) بتدرس (btodros) بدرس (bodros) مندرس (mnodros) بتدرسو (btodrosu) بدرسو (bodrosu)
f بتدرسي (btodrosi) بتدرس (btodros)
subjunctive m أدرس (ʔadros) تدرس (todros) يدرس (yodros) ندرس (nodros) تدرسو (todrosu) يدرسو (yodrosu)
f تدرسي (todrosi) تدرس (todros)
imperative m ادرس (odros) ادرسو (odrosu)
f ادرسي (odrosi)

Etymology 2[edit]

From Arabic دَرْس (dars).

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

درس • (dars) m (plural دروس (drūs))

  1. lesson
  2. study
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