شاعر

Arabic

Etymology 1.1

Derived from the active participle of شَعَرَ (šaʕara, “to know”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʃaː.ʕir/

Noun

شَاعِر • (šāʕir) m (plural شُعَرَاء (šuʕarāʔ), feminine شَاعِرَة (šāʕira))

1. poet
   • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 23:224:

     وَٱلشُّعَرَآءُ يَتَّبِعُهُمُ ٱلۡغَاوُۥنَ

     waš-šuʕaraʔāʔu yattabiʕuhumu l-ḡāwūna

     As for poets, they are followed ˹merely˺ by deviants

2. bard

Declension

Declension of noun شَاعِر (šāʕir)

singular	masculine			feminine
	basic singular triptote			singular triptote in ـَة (-a)
	indefinite	definite	construct	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	شَاعِر šāʕir	الشَّاعِر aš-šāʕir	شَاعِر šāʕir	شَاعِرَة šāʕira	الشَّاعِرَة aš-šāʕira	شَاعِرَة šāʕirat
nominative	شَاعِرٌ šāʕirun	الشَّاعِرُ aš-šāʕiru	شَاعِرُ šāʕiru	شَاعِرَةٌ šāʕiratun	الشَّاعِرَةُ aš-šāʕiratu	شَاعِرَةُ šāʕiratu
accusative	شَاعِرًا šāʕiran	الشَّاعِرَ aš-šāʕira	شَاعِرَ šāʕira	شَاعِرَةً šāʕiratan	الشَّاعِرَةَ aš-šāʕirata	شَاعِرَةَ šāʕirata
genitive	شَاعِرٍ šāʕirin	الشَّاعِرِ aš-šāʕiri	شَاعِرِ šāʕiri	شَاعِرَةٍ šāʕiratin	الشَّاعِرَةِ aš-šāʕirati	شَاعِرَةِ šāʕirati
dual	masculine			feminine
	indefinite	definite	construct	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	شَاعِرَيْن šāʕirayn	الشَّاعِرَيْن aš-šāʕirayn	شَاعِرَيْ šāʕiray	شَاعِرَتَيْن šāʕiratayn	الشَّاعِرَتَيْن aš-šāʕiratayn	شَاعِرَتَيْ šāʕiratay
nominative	شَاعِرَانِ šāʕirāni	الشَّاعِرَانِ aš-šāʕirāni	شَاعِرَا šāʕirā	شَاعِرَتَانِ šāʕiratāni	الشَّاعِرَتَانِ aš-šāʕiratāni	شَاعِرَتَا šāʕiratā
accusative	شَاعِرَيْنِ šāʕirayni	الشَّاعِرَيْنِ aš-šāʕirayni	شَاعِرَيْ šāʕiray	شَاعِرَتَيْنِ šāʕiratayni	الشَّاعِرَتَيْنِ aš-šāʕiratayni	شَاعِرَتَيْ šāʕiratay
genitive	شَاعِرَيْنِ šāʕirayni	الشَّاعِرَيْنِ aš-šāʕirayni	شَاعِرَيْ šāʕiray	شَاعِرَتَيْنِ šāʕiratayni	الشَّاعِرَتَيْنِ aš-šāʕiratayni	شَاعِرَتَيْ šāʕiratay
plural	masculine			feminine
	basic broken plural diptote			sound feminine plural‎; basic broken plural diptote
	indefinite	definite	construct	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	شُعَرَاء šuʕarāʔ	الشُّعَرَاء aš-šuʕarāʔ	شُعَرَاء šuʕarāʔ	شَاعِرَات‎; شَوَاعِر šāʕirāt‎; šawāʕir	الشَّاعِرَات‎; الشَّوَاعِر aš-šāʕirāt‎; aš-šawāʕir	شَاعِرَات‎; شَوَاعِر šāʕirāt‎; šawāʕir
nominative	شُعَرَاءُ šuʕarāʔu	الشُّعَرَاءُ aš-šuʕarāʔu	شُعَرَاءُ šuʕarāʔu	شَاعِرَاتٌ‎; شَوَاعِرُ šāʕirātun‎; šawāʕiru	الشَّاعِرَاتُ‎; الشَّوَاعِرُ aš-šāʕirātu‎; aš-šawāʕiru	شَاعِرَاتُ‎; شَوَاعِرُ šāʕirātu‎; šawāʕiru
accusative	شُعَرَاءَ šuʕarāʔa	الشُّعَرَاءَ aš-šuʕarāʔa	شُعَرَاءَ šuʕarāʔa	شَاعِرَاتٍ‎; شَوَاعِرَ šāʕirātin‎; šawāʕira	الشَّاعِرَاتِ‎; الشَّوَاعِرَ aš-šāʕirāti‎; aš-šawāʕira	شَاعِرَاتِ‎; شَوَاعِرَ šāʕirāti‎; šawāʕira
genitive	شُعَرَاءَ šuʕarāʔa	الشُّعَرَاءِ aš-šuʕarāʔi	شُعَرَاءِ šuʕarāʔi	شَاعِرَاتٍ‎; شَوَاعِرَ šāʕirātin‎; šawāʕira	الشَّاعِرَاتِ‎; الشَّوَاعِرِ aš-šāʕirāti‎; aš-šawāʕiri	شَاعِرَاتِ‎; شَوَاعِرِ šāʕirāti‎; šawāʕiri

Descendants

• → Azerbaijani: şair
• → Bashkir: шағир (şağir)
• → Chagatai: شاعر
  • Uyghur: شائىر (sha'ir)
  • Uzbek: shoir
• → Classical Persian: شاعر (šā'ir)
  • → Gojri: شاعِر (śāir)
  • → Gujarati: શાયર (śāyar)
  • → Hindustani:

    Hindi: शायर (śāyar)

    Urdu: شَاعِر (śā'ir)

  • → Marathi: शाहीर (śāhīr)
  • → Marwari:

    Devanagari script: सायर (sāyar)

    Mahajani script: 𑅰𑅛𑅭 (sjr)

  • → Nepali: सायर (sāyar)
  • → Old Punjabi: ਸਾਇਰੁ (sāiru)
    • Punjabi:

      Gurmukhi script: ਸ਼ਾਇਰ (śāira)

      Shahmukhi script: شاعِر (śā‘ir)

  • → Rohingya: cáaer
  • → Sindhi:

    Arabic script: شاعِرُ

    Devanagari script: शाइरु

    Khudabadi script: 𑋜𑋠𑊲𑋙𑋣 (śāiru)

• → Malay: syair
  • Indonesian: syair
  • → English: syair
• → Ottoman Turkish: شاعر (şâir)
  • Turkish: şair
  • → Romanian: șair
• → Pashto: شاعر
• → Tatar: шагыйрь (şağıyr’)
• → Turkmen: şahyr

from the plural شُعَرَاء (šuʕarāʔ)

• → Persian: شعرا (šo'arâ)
  • → Urdu: شعرا (śu'arā)
• → Ottoman Turkish: شعرا (şuarâ)
  • → Turkish: şuara

Etymology 1.2

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʃaː.ʕa.ra/

Verb

شَاعَرَ • (šāʕara) III (non-past يُشَاعِرُ (yušāʕiru), verbal noun مُشَاعَرَة (mušāʕara))

1. to vie as a poet with

Conjugation

Conjugation of شَاعَرَ (III, sound, full passive, verbal noun مُشَاعَرَة)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						مُشَاعَرَة mušāʕara
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						مُشَاعِر mušāʕir
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مُشَاعَر mušāʕar
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	شَاعَرْتُ šāʕartu	شَاعَرْتَ šāʕarta	شَاعَرَ šāʕara		شَاعَرْتُمَا šāʕartumā	شَاعَرَا šāʕarā		شَاعَرْنَا šāʕarnā	شَاعَرْتُمْ šāʕartum	شَاعَرُوا šāʕarū
	f		شَاعَرْتِ šāʕarti	شَاعَرَتْ šāʕarat			شَاعَرَتَا šāʕaratā			شَاعَرْتُنَّ šāʕartunna	شَاعَرْنَ šāʕarna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُشَاعِرُ ʔušāʕiru	تُشَاعِرُ tušāʕiru	يُشَاعِرُ yušāʕiru		تُشَاعِرَانِ tušāʕirāni	يُشَاعِرَانِ yušāʕirāni		نُشَاعِرُ nušāʕiru	تُشَاعِرُونَ tušāʕirūna	يُشَاعِرُونَ yušāʕirūna
	f		تُشَاعِرِينَ tušāʕirīna	تُشَاعِرُ tušāʕiru			تُشَاعِرَانِ tušāʕirāni			تُشَاعِرْنَ tušāʕirna	يُشَاعِرْنَ yušāʕirna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُشَاعِرَ ʔušāʕira	تُشَاعِرَ tušāʕira	يُشَاعِرَ yušāʕira		تُشَاعِرَا tušāʕirā	يُشَاعِرَا yušāʕirā		نُشَاعِرَ nušāʕira	تُشَاعِرُوا tušāʕirū	يُشَاعِرُوا yušāʕirū
	f		تُشَاعِرِي tušāʕirī	تُشَاعِرَ tušāʕira			تُشَاعِرَا tušāʕirā			تُشَاعِرْنَ tušāʕirna	يُشَاعِرْنَ yušāʕirna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُشَاعِرْ ʔušāʕir	تُشَاعِرْ tušāʕir	يُشَاعِرْ yušāʕir		تُشَاعِرَا tušāʕirā	يُشَاعِرَا yušāʕirā		نُشَاعِرْ nušāʕir	تُشَاعِرُوا tušāʕirū	يُشَاعِرُوا yušāʕirū
	f		تُشَاعِرِي tušāʕirī	تُشَاعِرْ tušāʕir			تُشَاعِرَا tušāʕirā			تُشَاعِرْنَ tušāʕirna	يُشَاعِرْنَ yušāʕirna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		شَاعِرْ šāʕir			شَاعِرَا šāʕirā				شَاعِرُوا šāʕirū
	f		شَاعِرِي šāʕirī							شَاعِرْنَ šāʕirna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	شُوعِرْتُ šūʕirtu	شُوعِرْتَ šūʕirta	شُوعِرَ šūʕira		شُوعِرْتُمَا šūʕirtumā	شُوعِرَا šūʕirā		شُوعِرْنَا šūʕirnā	شُوعِرْتُمْ šūʕirtum	شُوعِرُوا šūʕirū
	f		شُوعِرْتِ šūʕirti	شُوعِرَتْ šūʕirat			شُوعِرَتَا šūʕiratā			شُوعِرْتُنَّ šūʕirtunna	شُوعِرْنَ šūʕirna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُشَاعَرُ ʔušāʕaru	تُشَاعَرُ tušāʕaru	يُشَاعَرُ yušāʕaru		تُشَاعَرَانِ tušāʕarāni	يُشَاعَرَانِ yušāʕarāni		نُشَاعَرُ nušāʕaru	تُشَاعَرُونَ tušāʕarūna	يُشَاعَرُونَ yušāʕarūna
	f		تُشَاعَرِينَ tušāʕarīna	تُشَاعَرُ tušāʕaru			تُشَاعَرَانِ tušāʕarāni			تُشَاعَرْنَ tušāʕarna	يُشَاعَرْنَ yušāʕarna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُشَاعَرَ ʔušāʕara	تُشَاعَرَ tušāʕara	يُشَاعَرَ yušāʕara		تُشَاعَرَا tušāʕarā	يُشَاعَرَا yušāʕarā		نُشَاعَرَ nušāʕara	تُشَاعَرُوا tušāʕarū	يُشَاعَرُوا yušāʕarū
	f		تُشَاعَرِي tušāʕarī	تُشَاعَرَ tušāʕara			تُشَاعَرَا tušāʕarā			تُشَاعَرْنَ tušāʕarna	يُشَاعَرْنَ yušāʕarna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُشَاعَرْ ʔušāʕar	تُشَاعَرْ tušāʕar	يُشَاعَرْ yušāʕar		تُشَاعَرَا tušāʕarā	يُشَاعَرَا yušāʕarā		نُشَاعَرْ nušāʕar	تُشَاعَرُوا tušāʕarū	يُشَاعَرُوا yušāʕarū
	f		تُشَاعَرِي tušāʕarī	تُشَاعَرْ tušāʕar			تُشَاعَرَا tušāʕarā			تُشَاعَرْنَ tušāʕarna	يُشَاعَرْنَ yušāʕarna

Further reading

• Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “شاعر”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎^[1], London: W.H. Allen

Azerbaijani

Noun

شاعر

1. Arabic spelling of şair

Baluchi

Alternative forms

• شاہر (šáhar, šáhir)

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian شاعر (šā'ir).

Noun

شاعر • (transliteration needed)

1. poet

Gojri

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian شاعر (šā'ir).

Pronunciation

• Hyphenation: شا‧عِر

Noun

شاعِر (śā'ir) m

1. poet, writer, versifier, lyricist

Further reading

• Dr Rafique Anjum (2018) Concise Gojri-Kashmiri-English Dictionary, New Delhi: Adam Publishers & Distributors, →ISBN, page 295.
• Javaid Rahi (2015) “شاعِرْ”, in گوجری ڈکشنری [Gojri Dictionary] (in Gojri), page 633, column 1.

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic شَاعِر (šāʕir).

Noun

شاعر • (şâir)

1. poet

Related terms

• شاعره (şâire)
• شعر (şi'r)

Descendants

• Turkish: şair
• → Romanian: șair

Pashto

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic شَاعِر (šāʕir).

Noun

شاعر • (šā'ír) m

1. poet

Persian

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic شاعِر (šāʕir).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /ʃaːʔ.ˈiɾ/

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ʃɑːʔ.ɪ́ɾ]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ʃɑːʔ.ɪ́ɾ]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [ʃɑː.jɪ́ɾ]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [ʃɔː.jíɾ]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [ʃɒːʔ.éɹ]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [ʃɔʔ.íɾ]

Readings
Classical reading?	šā'ir
Dari reading?	šā'ir
Iranian reading?	šâ'er
Tajik reading?	šo'ir

• Audio (Iran):

  (file)

Noun

شاعر • (šā'ir / šâ'er) (plural شاعران (šā'irān / šâ'erân), or شاعرها (šā'ir-hā / šâ'er-hâ), or شعرا (šu'arā / šo'arâ), Tajik spelling шоир)

1. poet

   Synonyms: چامه‌سرا (čāma-surā / čâme-sorâ), شعرسرا (ši'r-surā / še'r-sorâ)

Derived terms

• شاعرانه (šā'irāna / šâ'erâne)
• شاعری (šā'irī / šâ'eri)

Related terms

Persian terms derived from the Arabic root ش ع ر (0 c, 6 e)

Descendants

• → Gojri: شاعِر (śāir)
• → Gujarati: શાયર (śāyar)
• → Hindustani:

  Hindi: शायर (śāyar)

  Urdu: شَاعِر (śā'ir)

• → Marathi: शाहीर (śāhīr)
• → Marwari:

  Devanagari script: सायर (sāyar)

  Mahajani script: 𑅰𑅛𑅭 (sjr)

• → Nepali: सायर (sāyar)
• → Old Punjabi: ਸਾਇਰੁ (sāiru)
  • Punjabi:

    Gurmukhi script: ਸ਼ਾਇਰ (śāira)

    Shahmukhi script: شاعِر (śā‘ir)

• → Rohingya: cáaer
• → Sindhi:

  Arabic script: شاعِرُ

  Devanagari script: शाइरु

  Khudabadi script: 𑋜𑋠𑊲𑋙𑋣 (śāiru)

Punjabi

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian شاعر (šā'ir), from Arabic شَاعِر (šāʕir).

Noun

شاعِر • (śā‘ir) m

1. poet

Further reading

• Iqbal, Salah ud-Din (2002) “شاعِر”, in vaḍḍī panjābī lughat‎ (in Punjabi), Lahore: ʻAzīz Pablisharz

Sindhi

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian شاعر (šā'ir), from Arabic شَاعِر (šāʕir).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ʂɑɪrʊ]

Noun

شاعِرُ • (śā'iru) m

1. poet

Further reading

• Parmanand, Mewaram (1910) “شاعِرُ”, in Sindhi-English Dictionary, Hyderabad, Sindh: The Sind Juvenile Co-operative Society
• “شاعر”, in Sindhi-English Dictionary, University of Chicago: Center for Language Engineering, Pakistan, 1866–1938

Urdu

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian شاعر (šā'ir), from Arabic شَاعِر (šāʕir).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /ʃɑː.jəɾ/

• Audio (Pakistan):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɪɾ
• Hyphenation: شَا‧عِر

Noun

شَاعِر • (śā'ir) m (formal plural شعرا, feminine شاعرہ, Hindi spelling शायर)

1. poet

   Synonym: کَوی (kavi)

2. (by extension) humorist; a traditional comedian

Declension

(colloquial)

Declension of شاعر

	singular	plural
direct	شاعر (śāyar)	شاعر (śāyar)
oblique	شاعر (śāyar)	شاعروں (śāyarõ)
vocative	شاعر (śāyar)	شاعرو (śāyaro)

(standard)

Declension of شاعر

	singular	plural
direct	شاعر (śāyar)	شعرا (śorā)
oblique	شاعر (śāyar)	شعرا (śorā)
vocative	شاعر (śāyar)	شعرا (śorā)

Related terms

• شاعری (śā'irī)
• شاعرہ (śā'irā)
• شعر (śer)

References

• “شاعر”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2025.