شمس

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Arabic[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From the root ش م س‎ (š-m-s), the noun “sun” inherited from Proto-Semitic *śamš-.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • (sun): IPA(key): /ʃams/
  • (sun):
    Audio(file)
  • (to expose to the sun): IPA(key): /ʃam.ma.sa/
  • (to be headstrong): IPA(key): /ʃa.ma.sa/
  • (to be sunny): IPA(key): /ʃa.mi.sa/
  • (to be sunny): IPA(key): /ʃa.ma.sa/
  • (being sunny): IPA(key): /ʃa.mas/

Noun[edit]

شَمْس • (šams) f (plural شُمُوس‎ (šumūs))

  1. sun

Declension[edit]

Declension of noun شَمْس (šams)
Singular basic singular triptote
Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal شَمْس
šams 		الشَّمْس‎
aš-šams 		شَمْس
šams
Nominative شَمْسٌ
šamsun 		الشَّمْسُ‎
aš-šamsu 		شَمْسُ
šamsu
Accusative شَمْسًا‎
šamsan 		الشَّمْسَ‎
aš-šamsa 		شَمْسَ
šamsa
Genitive شَمْسٍ
šamsin 		الشَّمْسِ‎
aš-šamsi 		شَمْسِ
šamsi
Dual Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal شَمْسَيْن‎
šamsayn 		الشَّمْسَيْن‎
aš-šamsayn 		شَمْسَيْ‎
šamsay
Nominative شَمْسَانِ‎
šamsāni 		الشَّمْسَانِ‎
aš-šamsāni 		شَمْسَا‎
šamsā
Accusative شَمْسَيْنِ‎
šamsayni 		الشَّمْسَيْنِ‎
aš-šamsayni 		شَمْسَيْ‎
šamsay
Genitive شَمْسَيْنِ‎
šamsayni 		الشَّمْسَيْنِ‎
aš-šamsayni 		شَمْسَيْ‎
šamsay
Plural basic broken plural triptote
Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal شُمُوس‎
šumūs 		الشُّمُوس‎
aš-šumūs 		شُمُوس‎
šumūs
Nominative شُمُوسٌ‎
šumūsun 		الشُّمُوسُ‎
aš-šumūsu 		شُمُوسُ‎
šumūsu
Accusative شُمُوسًا‎
šumūsan 		الشُّمُوسَ‎
aš-šumūsa 		شُمُوسَ‎
šumūsa
Genitive شُمُوسٍ‎
šumūsin 		الشُّمُوسِ‎
aš-šumūsi 		شُمُوسِ‎
šumūsi

Descendants[edit]

  • Maltese: xemx
  • Moroccan Arabic: شمش‎ (šamš), شمس‎ (šams)
  • → Turkish: şems

Verb[edit]

شَمَسَ • (šamasa) I, non-past يَشْمُسُ‎‎ (yašmusu)

  1. to be headstrong, to be restive

Conjugation[edit]

Conjugation of
شَمَسَ
(form-I sound, verbal nouns شُمُوس or شِمَاس)
verbal nouns
الْمَصَادِر
šumūs or šimās
active participle
اِسْم الْفَاعِل
šāmis
active voice
الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
singular
الْمُفْرَد 		dual
الْمُثَنَّى 		plural
الْجَمْع
1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative
الْمَاضِي 		m
šamastu
šamasta
شَمَسَ

šamasa
šamastumā
šamasā
šamasnā
šamastum
šamasū
f
šamasti
šamasat
šamasatā
šamastunna
šamasna
non-past (imperfect) indicative
الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع 		m
ʔašmusu
tašmusu
yašmusu
tašmusāni
yašmusāni
našmusu
tašmusūna
yašmusūna
f
tašmusīna
tašmusu
tašmusāni
tašmusna
yašmusna
subjunctive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب 		m
ʔašmusa
tašmusa
yašmusa
tašmusā
yašmusā
našmusa
tašmusū
yašmusū
f
tašmusī
tašmusa
tašmusā
tašmusna
yašmusna
jussive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم 		m
ʔašmus
tašmus
yašmus
tašmusā
yašmusā
našmus
tašmusū
yašmusū
f
tašmusī
tašmus
tašmusā
tašmusna
yašmusna
imperative
الْأَمْر 		m
ušmus
ušmusā
ušmusū
f
ušmusī
ušmusna

Verb[edit]

شَمَسَ • (šamasa) I, non-past يَشْمِسُ‎ or يَشْمُسُ‎‎ (yašmisu or yašmusu)
شَمِسَ • (šamisa) I, non-past يَشْمَسُ‎‎ (yašmasu)

  1. to be sunny

Conjugation[edit]

Conjugation of
شَمَسَ
(form-I sound, verbal nouns شَمْس or شُمُوس)
verbal nouns
الْمَصَادِر
شَمْس or شُمُوس‎

šams or šumūs
active participle
اِسْم الْفَاعِل
šāmis
active voice
الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
singular
الْمُفْرَد 		dual
الْمُثَنَّى 		plural
الْجَمْع
1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative
الْمَاضِي 		m
šamastu
šamasta
شَمَسَ

šamasa
šamastumā
šamasā
šamasnā
šamastum
šamasū
f
šamasti
šamasat
šamasatā
šamastunna
šamasna
non-past (imperfect) indicative
الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع 		m
ʔašmisu or ʔašmusu
tašmisu or tašmusu
yašmisu or yašmusu
tašmisāni or tašmusāni
yašmisāni or yašmusāni
našmisu or našmusu
tašmisūna or tašmusūna
yašmisūna or yašmusūna
f
tašmisīna or tašmusīna
tašmisu or tašmusu
tašmisāni or tašmusāni
tašmisna or tašmusna
yašmisna or yašmusna
subjunctive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب 		m
ʔašmisa or ʔašmusa
tašmisa or tašmusa
yašmisa or yašmusa
tašmisā or tašmusā
yašmisā or yašmusā
našmisa or našmusa
tašmisū or tašmusū
yašmisū or yašmusū
f
tašmisī or tašmusī
tašmisa or tašmusa
tašmisā or tašmusā
tašmisna or tašmusna
yašmisna or yašmusna
jussive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم 		m
ʔašmis or ʔašmus
tašmis or tašmus
yašmis or yašmus
tašmisā or tašmusā
yašmisā or yašmusā
našmis or našmus
tašmisū or tašmusū
yašmisū or yašmusū
f
tašmisī or tašmusī
tašmis or tašmus
tašmisā or tašmusā
tašmisna or tašmusna
yašmisna or yašmusna
imperative
الْأَمْر 		m
išmis or ušmus
išmisā or ušmusā
išmisū or ušmusū
f
išmisī or ušmusī
išmisna or ušmusna
Conjugation of
شَمِسَ
(form-I sound, verbal noun شَمَس)
verbal noun
الْمَصْدَر
شَمَس

šamas
active participle
اِسْم الْفَاعِل
šāmis
active voice
الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
singular
الْمُفْرَد 		dual
الْمُثَنَّى 		plural
الْجَمْع
1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative
الْمَاضِي 		m
šamistu
šamista
شَمِسَ

šamisa
šamistumā
šamisā
šamisnā
šamistum
šamisū
f
šamisti
šamisat
šamisatā
šamistunna
šamisna
non-past (imperfect) indicative
الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع 		m
ʔašmasu
tašmasu
yašmasu
tašmasāni
yašmasāni
našmasu
tašmasūna
yašmasūna
f
tašmasīna
tašmasu
tašmasāni
tašmasna
yašmasna
subjunctive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب 		m
ʔašmasa
tašmasa
yašmasa
tašmasā
yašmasā
našmasa
tašmasū
yašmasū
f
tašmasī
tašmasa
tašmasā
tašmasna
yašmasna
jussive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم 		m
ʔašmas
tašmas
yašmas
tašmasā
yašmasā
našmas
tašmasū
yašmasū
f
tašmasī
tašmas
tašmasā
tašmasna
yašmasna
imperative
الْأَمْر 		m
išmas
išmasā
išmasū
f
išmasī
išmasna

Verb[edit]

شَمَّسَ • (šammasa) II, non-past يُشَمِّسُ‎‎ (yušammisu)

  1. to expose to the sun, to dry in the sun
  2. to perform the office of deacon

Conjugation[edit]

Conjugation of
شَمَّسَ
(form-II sound)
verbal noun
الْمَصْدَر
tašmīs
active participle
اِسْم الْفَاعِل
mušammis
passive participle
اِسْم الْمَفْعُول
mušammas
active voice
الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
singular
الْمُفْرَد 		dual
الْمُثَنَّى 		plural
الْجَمْع
1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative
الْمَاضِي 		m
šammastu
šammasta
شَمَّسَ

šammasa
šammastumā
šammasā
šammasnā
šammastum
šammasū
f
šammasti
šammasat
šammasatā
šammastunna
šammasna
non-past (imperfect) indicative
الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع 		m
ʔušammisu
tušammisu
yušammisu
tušammisāni
yušammisāni
nušammisu
tušammisūna
yušammisūna
f
tušammisīna
tušammisu
tušammisāni
tušammisna
yušammisna
subjunctive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب 		m
ʔušammisa
tušammisa
yušammisa
tušammisā
yušammisā
nušammisa
tušammisū
yušammisū
f
tušammisī
tušammisa
tušammisā
tušammisna
yušammisna
jussive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم 		m
ʔušammis
tušammis
yušammis
tušammisā
yušammisā
nušammis
tušammisū
yušammisū
f
tušammisī
tušammis
tušammisā
tušammisna
yušammisna
imperative
الْأَمْر 		m
شَمِّسْ

šammis
šammisā
šammisū
f
šammisī
šammisna
passive voice
الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
singular
الْمُفْرَد 		dual
الْمُثَنَّى 		plural
الْجَمْع
1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative
الْمَاضِي 		m
šummistu
šummista
شُمِّسَ

šummisa
šummistumā
šummisā
šummisnā
šummistum
šummisū
f
šummisti
šummisat
šummisatā
šummistunna
šummisna
non-past (imperfect) indicative
الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع 		m
ʔušammasu
tušammasu
yušammasu
tušammasāni
yušammasāni
nušammasu
tušammasūna
yušammasūna
f
tušammasīna
tušammasu
tušammasāni
tušammasna
yušammasna
subjunctive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب 		m
ʔušammasa
tušammasa
yušammasa
tušammasā
yušammasā
nušammasa
tušammasū
yušammasū
f
tušammasī
tušammasa
tušammasā
tušammasna
yušammasna
jussive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم 		m
ʔušammas
tušammas
yušammas
tušammasā
yušammasā
nušammas
tušammasū
yušammasū
f
tušammasī
tušammas
tušammasā
tušammasna
yušammasna

Noun[edit]

شَمَس • (šamas) m

  1. verbal noun of شَمِسَ (šamisa) (form I)

Declension[edit]

Declension of noun شَمَس (šamas)
Singular basic singular triptote
Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal شَمَس
šamas 		الشَّمَس‎
aš-šamas 		شَمَس
šamas
Nominative شَمَسٌ
šamasun 		الشَّمَسُ‎
aš-šamasu 		شَمَسُ
šamasu
Accusative شَمَسًا‎
šamasan 		الشَّمَسَ‎
aš-šamasa 		شَمَسَ
šamasa
Genitive شَمَسٍ
šamasin 		الشَّمَسِ‎
aš-šamasi 		شَمَسِ
šamasi

References[edit]

  • Freytag, Georg (1833), “شمس”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum (in Latin), volume 2, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 450
  • Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860), “شمس”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc (in French), volume 1, Paris: Maisonneuve et Cie, page 1269
  • Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884), “شمس”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎[1], London: W.H. Allen, page 555
  • Wehr, Hans (1979), “شمس”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN
  • Wehr, Hans; Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985), “شمس”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, pages 674

Malay[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Arabic شَمْس‎ (šams), from Proto-Semitic *śamš-.

Pronunciation[edit]

Proper noun[edit]

شمس (Rumi spelling syamsi‎ or syamsu‎)

  1. sun (the star around which the Earth revolves)

Synonyms[edit]

Moroccan Arabic[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Arabic شَمْس‎ (šams).

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

شمس • (šams) f (plural شموس‎ (šmūs) or شموسة‎ (šmūsa))

  1. Alternative form of شمش‎ (šamš)

Ottoman Turkish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Arabic شَمْس‎ (šams), from Proto-Semitic *śamš-.

Noun[edit]

شمس • (şems)

  1. sun
  2. sunshine

Synonyms[edit]

South Levantine Arabic[edit]

Root
ش م س‎
4 terms

Etymology 1[edit]

From Arabic شَمَّسَ‎ (šammasa).

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /ʃam.mas/, [ˈʃam.mas]
  • Audio (al-Lidd)(file)

Verb[edit]

شمّس • (šammas) (form II, present بشمّس‎ (bišammes), active participle مشمّس‎ (mšammes))

  1. to be sunny
    ‏(الدنيا) عم بتشمّس.‎‎ ― (id-dinya) ʕam bitšammas. ― It's sunny.
  2. to air, to spread out to dry in the sun
    ‏شمّسنا الفراش.‎‎
    šammasna l-frāš
    We aired the bedding.
Usage notes[edit]
  • In the first sense, this verb is usually conjugated in the feminine 3rd-person singular form, as الدنيا‎ (id-dinya) is the implied subject.
Conjugation[edit]
    Conjugation of شمّس (šammas)
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
past m شمّست (šammast) شمّست (šammast) شمّس (šammas) شمّسنا (šammasna) شمّستو (šammastu) شمّسو (šammasu)
f شمّستي (šammasti) شمّست (šammasat)
present m بشمّس (bašammes) بتشمّس (bitšammes) بشمّس (bišammes) منشمّس (minšammes) بتشمّسو (bitšammsu) بشمّسو (bišammsu)
f بتشمّسي (bitšammsi) بتشمّس (bitšammes)
subjunctive m اشمّس (ašammes) تشمّس (tšammes) يشمّس (yšammes) نشمّس (nšammes) تشمّسو (tšammsu) يشمّسو (yšammsu)
f تشمّسي (tšammsi) تشمّس (tšammes)
imperative m شمّس (šammes) شمّسو (šammsu)
f شمّسي (šammsi)
See also[edit]
Weather · الطقس‎ (iṭ-ṭaʔs)
Sunny Rainy Snowy Cloudy Dark
Verb شمّس (šammas) شتّى‎ (šatta) تلّج‎ (tallaj) غيّم‎ (ḡayyam) عتّم‎ (ʕattam)
Adjective مشمّس‎ (mšammes) مشتّي‎ (mšatti) متلّج‎ (mtallej) مغيّم‎ (mḡayyem) عتم‎ (ʕitm)
Noun شمس (šams) شتا‎ (šita) تلج‎ (tilj) غيم‎ (ḡēm) عتمة‎ (ʕatme)

Etymology 2[edit]

From Arabic شَمْس‎ (šams).

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

شمس • (šams) f

  1. sun
Derived terms[edit]
See also[edit]
  • قمر‎ (ʔamar, “moon”)
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