فرض
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Arabic
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Root |
---|
ف ر ض (f r ḍ) |
10 terms |
Verb
[edit]فَرَضَ • (faraḍa) I (non-past يَفْرِضُ (yafriḍu), verbal noun فَرْض (farḍ))
- to ordain, to make obligatory
- to impose
Conjugation
[edit] Conjugation of فَرَضَ (I, sound, a ~ i, full passive, verbal noun فَرْض)
verbal noun الْمَصْدَر |
فَرْض farḍ | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
فَارِض fāriḍ | |||||||||||
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول |
مَفْرُوض mafrūḍ | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | فَرَضْتُ faraḍtu |
فَرَضْتَ faraḍta |
فَرَضَ faraḍa |
فَرَضْتُمَا faraḍtumā |
فَرَضَا faraḍā |
فَرَضْنَا faraḍnā |
فَرَضْتُمْ faraḍtum |
فَرَضُوا faraḍū | |||
f | فَرَضْتِ faraḍti |
فَرَضَتْ faraḍat |
فَرَضَتَا faraḍatā |
فَرَضْتُنَّ faraḍtunna |
فَرَضْنَ faraḍna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | أَفْرِضُ ʔafriḍu |
تَفْرِضُ tafriḍu |
يَفْرِضُ yafriḍu |
تَفْرِضَانِ tafriḍāni |
يَفْرِضَانِ yafriḍāni |
نَفْرِضُ nafriḍu |
تَفْرِضُونَ tafriḍūna |
يَفْرِضُونَ yafriḍūna | |||
f | تَفْرِضِينَ tafriḍīna |
تَفْرِضُ tafriḍu |
تَفْرِضَانِ tafriḍāni |
تَفْرِضْنَ tafriḍna |
يَفْرِضْنَ yafriḍna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | أَفْرِضَ ʔafriḍa |
تَفْرِضَ tafriḍa |
يَفْرِضَ yafriḍa |
تَفْرِضَا tafriḍā |
يَفْرِضَا yafriḍā |
نَفْرِضَ nafriḍa |
تَفْرِضُوا tafriḍū |
يَفْرِضُوا yafriḍū | |||
f | تَفْرِضِي tafriḍī |
تَفْرِضَ tafriḍa |
تَفْرِضَا tafriḍā |
تَفْرِضْنَ tafriḍna |
يَفْرِضْنَ yafriḍna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | أَفْرِضْ ʔafriḍ |
تَفْرِضْ tafriḍ |
يَفْرِضْ yafriḍ |
تَفْرِضَا tafriḍā |
يَفْرِضَا yafriḍā |
نَفْرِضْ nafriḍ |
تَفْرِضُوا tafriḍū |
يَفْرِضُوا yafriḍū | |||
f | تَفْرِضِي tafriḍī |
تَفْرِضْ tafriḍ |
تَفْرِضَا tafriḍā |
تَفْرِضْنَ tafriḍna |
يَفْرِضْنَ yafriḍna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر |
m | اِفْرِضْ ifriḍ |
اِفْرِضَا ifriḍā |
اِفْرِضُوا ifriḍū |
||||||||
f | اِفْرِضِي ifriḍī |
اِفْرِضْنَ ifriḍna | ||||||||||
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | فُرِضْتُ furiḍtu |
فُرِضْتَ furiḍta |
فُرِضَ furiḍa |
فُرِضْتُمَا furiḍtumā |
فُرِضَا furiḍā |
فُرِضْنَا furiḍnā |
فُرِضْتُمْ furiḍtum |
فُرِضُوا furiḍū | |||
f | فُرِضْتِ furiḍti |
فُرِضَتْ furiḍat |
فُرِضَتَا furiḍatā |
فُرِضْتُنَّ furiḍtunna |
فُرِضْنَ furiḍna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | أُفْرَضُ ʔufraḍu |
تُفْرَضُ tufraḍu |
يُفْرَضُ yufraḍu |
تُفْرَضَانِ tufraḍāni |
يُفْرَضَانِ yufraḍāni |
نُفْرَضُ nufraḍu |
تُفْرَضُونَ tufraḍūna |
يُفْرَضُونَ yufraḍūna | |||
f | تُفْرَضِينَ tufraḍīna |
تُفْرَضُ tufraḍu |
تُفْرَضَانِ tufraḍāni |
تُفْرَضْنَ tufraḍna |
يُفْرَضْنَ yufraḍna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | أُفْرَضَ ʔufraḍa |
تُفْرَضَ tufraḍa |
يُفْرَضَ yufraḍa |
تُفْرَضَا tufraḍā |
يُفْرَضَا yufraḍā |
نُفْرَضَ nufraḍa |
تُفْرَضُوا tufraḍū |
يُفْرَضُوا yufraḍū | |||
f | تُفْرَضِي tufraḍī |
تُفْرَضَ tufraḍa |
تُفْرَضَا tufraḍā |
تُفْرَضْنَ tufraḍna |
يُفْرَضْنَ yufraḍna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | أُفْرَضْ ʔufraḍ |
تُفْرَضْ tufraḍ |
يُفْرَضْ yufraḍ |
تُفْرَضَا tufraḍā |
يُفْرَضَا yufraḍā |
نُفْرَضْ nufraḍ |
تُفْرَضُوا tufraḍū |
يُفْرَضُوا yufraḍū | |||
f | تُفْرَضِي tufraḍī |
تُفْرَضْ tufraḍ |
تُفْرَضَا tufraḍā |
تُفْرَضْنَ tufraḍna |
يُفْرَضْنَ yufraḍna |
Verb
[edit]فَرَّضَ • (farraḍa) II (non-past يُفَرِّضُ (yufarriḍu), verbal noun تَفْرِيض (tafrīḍ))
Conjugation
[edit] Conjugation of فَرَّضَ (II, sound, full passive (?), verbal noun تَفْرِيض)
verbal noun الْمَصْدَر |
تَفْرِيض tafrīḍ | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
مُفَرِّض mufarriḍ | |||||||||||
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول |
مُفَرَّض mufarraḍ | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | فَرَّضْتُ farraḍtu |
فَرَّضْتَ farraḍta |
فَرَّضَ farraḍa |
فَرَّضْتُمَا farraḍtumā |
فَرَّضَا farraḍā |
فَرَّضْنَا farraḍnā |
فَرَّضْتُمْ farraḍtum |
فَرَّضُوا farraḍū | |||
f | فَرَّضْتِ farraḍti |
فَرَّضَتْ farraḍat |
فَرَّضَتَا farraḍatā |
فَرَّضْتُنَّ farraḍtunna |
فَرَّضْنَ farraḍna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | أُفَرِّضُ ʔufarriḍu |
تُفَرِّضُ tufarriḍu |
يُفَرِّضُ yufarriḍu |
تُفَرِّضَانِ tufarriḍāni |
يُفَرِّضَانِ yufarriḍāni |
نُفَرِّضُ nufarriḍu |
تُفَرِّضُونَ tufarriḍūna |
يُفَرِّضُونَ yufarriḍūna | |||
f | تُفَرِّضِينَ tufarriḍīna |
تُفَرِّضُ tufarriḍu |
تُفَرِّضَانِ tufarriḍāni |
تُفَرِّضْنَ tufarriḍna |
يُفَرِّضْنَ yufarriḍna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | أُفَرِّضَ ʔufarriḍa |
تُفَرِّضَ tufarriḍa |
يُفَرِّضَ yufarriḍa |
تُفَرِّضَا tufarriḍā |
يُفَرِّضَا yufarriḍā |
نُفَرِّضَ nufarriḍa |
تُفَرِّضُوا tufarriḍū |
يُفَرِّضُوا yufarriḍū | |||
f | تُفَرِّضِي tufarriḍī |
تُفَرِّضَ tufarriḍa |
تُفَرِّضَا tufarriḍā |
تُفَرِّضْنَ tufarriḍna |
يُفَرِّضْنَ yufarriḍna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | أُفَرِّضْ ʔufarriḍ |
تُفَرِّضْ tufarriḍ |
يُفَرِّضْ yufarriḍ |
تُفَرِّضَا tufarriḍā |
يُفَرِّضَا yufarriḍā |
نُفَرِّضْ nufarriḍ |
تُفَرِّضُوا tufarriḍū |
يُفَرِّضُوا yufarriḍū | |||
f | تُفَرِّضِي tufarriḍī |
تُفَرِّضْ tufarriḍ |
تُفَرِّضَا tufarriḍā |
تُفَرِّضْنَ tufarriḍna |
يُفَرِّضْنَ yufarriḍna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر |
m | فَرِّضْ farriḍ |
فَرِّضَا farriḍā |
فَرِّضُوا farriḍū |
||||||||
f | فَرِّضِي farriḍī |
فَرِّضْنَ farriḍna | ||||||||||
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | فُرِّضْتُ furriḍtu |
فُرِّضْتَ furriḍta |
فُرِّضَ furriḍa |
فُرِّضْتُمَا furriḍtumā |
فُرِّضَا furriḍā |
فُرِّضْنَا furriḍnā |
فُرِّضْتُمْ furriḍtum |
فُرِّضُوا furriḍū | |||
f | فُرِّضْتِ furriḍti |
فُرِّضَتْ furriḍat |
فُرِّضَتَا furriḍatā |
فُرِّضْتُنَّ furriḍtunna |
فُرِّضْنَ furriḍna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | أُفَرَّضُ ʔufarraḍu |
تُفَرَّضُ tufarraḍu |
يُفَرَّضُ yufarraḍu |
تُفَرَّضَانِ tufarraḍāni |
يُفَرَّضَانِ yufarraḍāni |
نُفَرَّضُ nufarraḍu |
تُفَرَّضُونَ tufarraḍūna |
يُفَرَّضُونَ yufarraḍūna | |||
f | تُفَرَّضِينَ tufarraḍīna |
تُفَرَّضُ tufarraḍu |
تُفَرَّضَانِ tufarraḍāni |
تُفَرَّضْنَ tufarraḍna |
يُفَرَّضْنَ yufarraḍna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | أُفَرَّضَ ʔufarraḍa |
تُفَرَّضَ tufarraḍa |
يُفَرَّضَ yufarraḍa |
تُفَرَّضَا tufarraḍā |
يُفَرَّضَا yufarraḍā |
نُفَرَّضَ nufarraḍa |
تُفَرَّضُوا tufarraḍū |
يُفَرَّضُوا yufarraḍū | |||
f | تُفَرَّضِي tufarraḍī |
تُفَرَّضَ tufarraḍa |
تُفَرَّضَا tufarraḍā |
تُفَرَّضْنَ tufarraḍna |
يُفَرَّضْنَ yufarraḍna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | أُفَرَّضْ ʔufarraḍ |
تُفَرَّضْ tufarraḍ |
يُفَرَّضْ yufarraḍ |
تُفَرَّضَا tufarraḍā |
يُفَرَّضَا yufarraḍā |
نُفَرَّضْ nufarraḍ |
تُفَرَّضُوا tufarraḍū |
يُفَرَّضُوا yufarraḍū | |||
f | تُفَرَّضِي tufarraḍī |
تُفَرَّضْ tufarraḍ |
تُفَرَّضَا tufarraḍā |
تُفَرَّضْنَ tufarraḍna |
يُفَرَّضْنَ yufarraḍna |
Etymology 2
[edit]Noun
[edit]فَرْض • (farḍ) m (plural فُرُوض (furūḍ))
- verbal noun of فَرَضَ (faraḍa) (form I)
- duty
Declension
[edit]Declension of noun فَرْض (farḍ)
Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | فَرْض farḍ |
الْفَرْض al-farḍ |
فَرْض farḍ |
Nominative | فَرْضٌ farḍun |
الْفَرْضُ al-farḍu |
فَرْضُ farḍu |
Accusative | فَرْضًا farḍan |
الْفَرْضَ al-farḍa |
فَرْضَ farḍa |
Genitive | فَرْضٍ farḍin |
الْفَرْضِ al-farḍi |
فَرْضِ farḍi |
Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
Informal | فَرْضَيْن farḍayn |
الْفَرْضَيْن al-farḍayn |
فَرْضَيْ farḍay |
Nominative | فَرْضَانِ farḍāni |
الْفَرْضَانِ al-farḍāni |
فَرْضَا farḍā |
Accusative | فَرْضَيْنِ farḍayni |
الْفَرْضَيْنِ al-farḍayni |
فَرْضَيْ farḍay |
Genitive | فَرْضَيْنِ farḍayni |
الْفَرْضَيْنِ al-farḍayni |
فَرْضَيْ farḍay |
Plural | basic broken plural triptote | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | فُرُوض furūḍ |
الْفُرُوض al-furūḍ |
فُرُوض furūḍ |
Nominative | فُرُوضٌ furūḍun |
الْفُرُوضُ al-furūḍu |
فُرُوضُ furūḍu |
Accusative | فُرُوضًا furūḍan |
الْفُرُوضَ al-furūḍa |
فُرُوضَ furūḍa |
Genitive | فُرُوضٍ furūḍin |
الْفُرُوضِ al-furūḍi |
فُرُوضِ furūḍi |
Derived terms
[edit]- فَرْضُ عَيْنٍ (farḍu ʕaynin, “individual duty”)
- فَرْضُ كِفَايَةٍ (farḍu kifāyatin, “communal duty”)
Descendants
[edit]- → Azerbaijani: fərz
- → Bashkir: фарыз (farız)
- → English: fard
- → Italian: fardello
- → Kazakh: парыз (paryz)
- → Kurdish:
- → Kyrgyz: парз (parz), парыз (parız)
- → Malay: fardu, perlu
- → Ottoman Turkish: فرض (farż)
- > Turkish: farz (inherited)
- → Persian: فرض
- → Serbo-Croatian: farz, fȁrz
- → Swahili: faradhi
- → Tajik: фарз (farz)
- → Tatar: фарыз (farız), farız
- → Turkmen: parz
- → Uyghur: پەرز (perz, “duty”), پەرەز (perez, “conjecture”)
- → Uzbek: farz (“duty”), faraz (“conjecture”)
Persian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Arabic فَرْض (farḍ).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [faɾz]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [fæɹz]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [fäɹz]
Readings | |
---|---|
Classical reading? | farz |
Dari reading? | farz |
Iranian reading? | farz |
Tajik reading? | farz |
Noun
[edit]فرض • (farz) (plural فرضها (farz-hâ))
- hypothesis, supposition
- presumption, supposition
- obligation, duty, must
- (Islam) fard, religious duty
Adjective
[edit]Dari | فرض |
---|---|
Iranian Persian | |
Tajik | фарз |
فرض • (farz)
Derived terms
[edit]- فرض کردن (farz kardan)
Descendants
[edit]See also
[edit]- واجب (vâjeb)
South Levantine Arabic
[edit]Root |
---|
ف ر ض |
2 terms |
Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]فرض • (faraḍ) I (present بفرض (bifriḍ))
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of فرض (faraḍ) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | |||||||
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |||
past | m | فرضت (faraḍt) | فرضت (faraḍt) | فرض (faraḍ) | فرضنا (faraḍna) | فرضتو (faraḍtu) | فرضو (faraḍu) | |
f | فرضتي (faraḍti) | فرضت (farḍat) | ||||||
present | m | بفرض (bafriḍ) | بتفرض (btifriḍ) | بفرض (bifriḍ) | منفرض (mnifriḍ) | بتفرضو (btifriḍu) | بفرضو (bifriḍu) | |
f | بتفرضي (btifriḍi) | بتفرض (btifriḍ) | ||||||
subjunctive | m | أفرض (ʔafriḍ) | تفرض (tifriḍ) | يفرض (yifriḍ) | نفرض (nifriḍ) | تفرضو (tifriḍu) | يفرضو (yifriḍu) | |
f | تفرضي (tifriḍi) | تفرض (tifriḍ) | ||||||
imperative | m | افرض (ifriḍ) | افرضو (ifriḍu) | |||||
f | افرضي (ifriḍi) |
Urdu
[edit]Etymology
[edit]First attested in c. 1534[1] as Middle Hindi فرض (farz), borrowed from Classical Persian فَرْض (farz), from Arabic فَرْض (farḍ).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Standard Urdu) IPA(key): /fəɾz/
- (Punjabic Urdu) IPA(key): /fə.ɾəz/
- Rhymes: -əɾz
Adjective
[edit]فَرْض • (farz) (indeclinable, Hindi spelling फ़र्ज़)
Noun
[edit]فَرْض • (farz) m (formal plural فَرَائِض (farāiz), Hindi spelling फ़र्ज़)
- duty (ie. responsibility)
- moral obligation
- (chiefly Jurisprudence) a compulsory; mandatory act
- (religion) fard, a religious duty or a divine command
- (by extension, Islam) the fard prayer
- right (often moral but not limited to, also legal)
- (by extension) rightful inheritance (ie. the right of inheritors to inherit the deceased's wealth)
- supposition
Declension
[edit]Declension of فرض | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
direct | فَرْض (farz) | فَرْض (farz) |
oblique | فَرْض (farz) | فَرْضوں (farzō̃) |
vocative | فَرْض (farz) | فَرْضو (farzō) |
Derived terms
[edit]Derived terms
- فَرْضِ عَین (farz-i 'ain, “strict obligation”)
- فَرْض کَرْنا (farz karnā, “to suppose”)
- فَرْض اَدا کَرْنا (farz adā karnā, “to fulfil an obligation or duty”)
- فَرْض پَڑھنا (“to offer the obligatory prayers”)
References
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “فرض”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.
- Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971) “فرض”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co.
- Platts, John T. (1884) “فرض”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
- S. W. Fallon (1879) “فرض”, in A New Hindustani-English Dictionary, Banaras, London: Trubner and Co.
- John Shakespear (1834) “فرض”, in A dictionary, Hindustani and English: with a copious index, fitting the work to serve, also, as a dictionary of English and Hindustani, 3rd edition, London: J.L. Cox and Son, →OCLC
Categories:
- Arabic terms belonging to the root ف ر ض
- Arabic lemmas
- Arabic verbs
- Arabic form-I verbs
- Arabic sound form-I verbs
- Arabic form-I verbs with past vowel a and non-past vowel i
- Arabic verbs with full passive
- Arabic form-II verbs
- Arabic sound form-II verbs
- Arabic nouns
- Arabic masculine nouns
- Arabic verbal nouns
- Arabic nouns with basic triptote singular
- Arabic nouns with broken plural
- Arabic nouns with basic triptote broken plural
- Persian terms borrowed from Arabic
- Persian terms derived from Arabic
- Persian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Persian lemmas
- Persian nouns
- fa:Islam
- Persian adjectives
- South Levantine Arabic terms belonging to the root ف ر ض
- South Levantine Arabic terms inherited from Arabic
- South Levantine Arabic terms derived from Arabic
- South Levantine Arabic terms with IPA pronunciation
- South Levantine Arabic terms with audio links
- South Levantine Arabic lemmas
- South Levantine Arabic verbs
- South Levantine Arabic form-I verbs
- Urdu terms derived from Arabic
- Urdu terms derived from the Arabic root ف ر ض
- Urdu terms inherited from Middle Hindi
- Urdu terms derived from Middle Hindi
- Urdu terms borrowed from Classical Persian
- Urdu terms derived from Classical Persian
- Urdu terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Urdu/əɾz
- Rhymes:Urdu/əɾz/1 syllable
- Urdu lemmas
- Urdu adjectives
- Urdu indeclinable adjectives
- Urdu nouns
- Urdu masculine nouns
- ur:Religion
- ur:Islam
- Urdu nouns with declension
- ur:Directives
- ur:Jurisprudence