ܫܥܬܐ

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic

ܫܥܬܐ ܕܐܝܕܐ

Etymology

Inherited from Aramaic שָׁעְתָא (šāʿəṯā); related to Arabic سَاعَة (sāʕa) and Hebrew שָׁעָה (sha'á). Doublet of ܣܵܥܲܬ (sāˁat).

Pronunciation

• (Standard) IPA^(key): [ʃɑʕːθɑː]
• (Urmia) IPA^(key): [ʃɑʔːtɑː]
• (Nineveh Plains) IPA^(key): [ʃeːθɑː]

Noun

ܫܵܥܬ݂ܵܐ • (šāˁṯā) f sg (plural ܫܵܥܹ̈ܐ (šāˁē) or ܫܵܥܵܬ݂ܹ̈ܐ (šāˁāṯē))

1. an hour (a period of time, sixty minutes)

   ܐܝܼܬ݂ ܐܸܫܬܝܼܢ ܕܲܩܝܼܩܹ̈ܐ ܒܫܵܥܬ݂ܵܐ ― īṯ ištīn daqīqē b-šāˁṯā ― There are sixty minutes in an hour

   ܒܸܬ ܡܵܛܲܚ ܒܚܲܡܸܫ ܫܵܥܹ̈ܐ ― bit māṭaḥ b-ḥammiš šāˁē ― We will arrive in five hours

   ܘܵܠܹܐ ܕܛܵܪܹܝܬ ܬ݇ܚܘܿܬ ܬܡܵܢܝܼܢ ܟܝܼܠܘܿܡܝܼܛܪܹ̈ܐ ܒܫܵܥܬ݂ܵܐ ܠܕܗ̇ܝ ܐܘܼܪܚܵܐ.

   wālē d-ṭārēt ḥōt tmānīn kīlōmīṭrē b-šāˁṯā l-d-aya urḥā.

   You must drive under eighty kilometers per hour on this road.

   • Matthew 24:36:

     ܐܝܼܢܵܐ ܠܗ̇ܘ ܝܵܘܡܵܐ ܘܠܗ̇ܝ ܫܵܥܬ݂ܵܐ ܐܘܼܦ ܚܲܕ݇ ܐ݇ܢܵܫܵܐ ܠܹܐ ܝܵܕܹܥ، ܘܐܘܼܦ ܠܵܐ ܡܲܠܲܐܟ݂ܹ̈ܐ ܕܫܡܲܝܵܐ، ܐܸܠܵܐ ܒܵܒܵܐ ܒܢܲܦ̮ܫܹܗ.

     īnā l-awa yāwmā w-l-aya šāˁṯā ūp ḥa nāšā lē yādēˁ, w-ūp lā mallaˀḵē d-šmayyā, illā bābā b-nafšēh.

     But of that day and that hour no one knows, not even the angels of heaven, but My Father only.

2. (by extension) the time

   see more in the construct state → ܫܵܥܲܬ݂ (šāˁaṯ)

   • Luke 23:44:

     ܐܲܝܟ݂ ܫܵܥܲܬ݂ ܬܲܪܬܲܥܸܣܪܹܐ ܕܛܲܗܪܵܐ، ܗ݇ܘܹܐ ܠܹܐ ܚܸܫܟܵܐ ܥܲܠ ܟܠܵܗ̇ ܐܲܪܥܵܐ ܗܲܠ ܫܵܥܲܬ݂ ܬܠܵܬ݂ ܡ̣ܢ ܒܵܬ݇ܪ ܛܲܗܪܵܐ

     ayḵ šāˁaṯ tartaˁisrē d-ṭahrā, wē lē ḥiškā ˁal kullāh arˁā hal šāˁaṯ tlāṯ min bār ṭahrā

     Now it was about the sixth hour (twelfth hour at noon) and there was darkness over all the earth until the ninth hour (third hour in the afternoon).

3. timepiece, clock, watch

   ܟܹܐ ܡܲܚܸܒܸܢ ܠܵܗ̇ ܫܵܥܬ݂ܘܼܟ݂ ܫܲܦܝܼܪܬܵܐ. ― kē maḥḥibin lāh šāˁṯūḵ šapīrtā. ― I love your beautiful watch.

Usage notes

• Since ܫܵܥܬ݂ܵܐ (šāˁṯā) is feminine, the numbers with gendered forms display feminine gender agreement when they refer to the hour of the day. However, in some dialects of colloquial Assyrian Neo-Aramaic, masculine numbers are often used regardless.
• Masculine numbers are always used for the minutes as ܕܲܩܝܼܩܵܐ (daqīqā) is grammatically masculine. However, in some dialects of colloquial Assyrian Neo-Aramaic that use feminine numbers, they are used instead.

Inflection

Inflection of ܫܵܥܬ݂ܵܐ (šāˁṯā)
number	isolated forms		with possessive pronouns
	state	form	person	singular		plural
				m	f
singular	absolute	–	1st person	ܫܵܥܬ݂ܝܼ (šāˁṯī)		ܫܵܥܬ݂ܲܢ (šāˁṯan)
	construct	ܫܵܥܲܬ݂ (šāˁaṯ)	2nd person	ܫܵܥܬ݂ܘܼܟ݂ (šāˁṯūḵ)	ܫܵܥܬ݂ܵܟ݂ܝ (šāˁṯāḵ)	ܫܵܥܬ݂ܵܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ (šāˁṯāwḵōn)
	emphatic	ܫܵܥܬ݂ܵܐ (šāˁṯā)	3rd person	ܫܵܥܬ݂ܹܗ (šāˁṯēh)	ܫܵܥܬ݂ܵܗ̇ (šāˁṯāh)	ܫܵܥܬ݂ܗܘܿܢ (šāˁṯhōn)
plural	absolute	–	1st person	ܫܵܥܝܼ̈ (šāˁī)		ܫܵܥܲܢ̈ (šāˁan)
	construct	ܫܵܥܲܝ̈ (šāˁay)	2nd person	ܫܵܥܘܼ̈ܟ݂ (šāˁūḵ)	ܫܵܥܵܟ݂ܝ̈ (šāˁāḵ)	ܫܵܥܵܘ̈ܟ݂ܘܿܢ (šāˁāwḵōn)
	emphatic	ܫܵܥܹ̈ܐ (šāˁē)	3rd person	ܫܵܥܘܼ̈ܗܝ (šāˁūh)	ܫܵܥ̈ܘܿܗ̇ (šāˁōh)	ܫܵܥܗ̈ܘܿܢ (šāˁhōn)

Coordinate terms

• ܪܦܵܦܵܐ (rpāpā, “moment”), ܬܪܲܝܵܢܝܼܬ݂ܵܐ (trayyānīṯā, “second”), ܝܵܘܡܵܐ (yāwmā, “day”), ܫܵܒ݂ܘܿܥܵܐ (šāḇōˁā, “week”), ܝܲܪܚܵܐ (yarḥā, “month”), ܐܸܩܡܵܐ (iqmā, “season”), ܫܹܢ݇ܬܵܐ (šēttā, “year”)

Derived terms

• ܫܵܥܬ݂ܵܐ ܪܲܒܬ݂ܵܐ (šāˁṯā rabṯā, “clock”)
• ܫܵܥܬ݂ܵܐ ܚܝܼܙܵܝܬ݂ܵܐ (šāˁṯā ḥīzāyṯā, “hourglass”)
• ܫܵܥܬ݂ܵܐ ܡܙܲܗܪܵܢܝܼܬ݂ܵܐ (šāˁṯā mzahrānīṯā, “alarm clock”)

Classical Syriac

Etymology 1

Compare Arabic سَاعَة (sāʕa) and Hebrew שָׁעָה (šāʿâ).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ʃɑʕ(ə)θɑ(ʔ)] (in the singular)
• IPA^(key): [ʃɑʕe(ʔ)], [ʃɑʕɑθɑ(ʔ)] (in the plural)

Noun

ܫܥܬܐ • (šāʿṯāʾ) f (plural ܫܥܬܐ or ܫܥܐ)

1. hour (60 minutes)
2. time, o'clock
3. moment
4. season
5. (astronomy) angle, degree
6. (astronomy) ascendant
7. unit of weight equal to 5 oz.
8. (astrology) horoscope

Usage notes

• Usually, the plural ܫܥܐ (šāʿēʾ) is a paucal plural (from two to ten) while the plural ܫܥܬܐ (šāʿāṯāʾ) is a multiple plural (eleven or more).
• The absolute singular form ܫܥ (šāʿ) only occurs in the compound ܟܠܫܥ (kolšāʿ, “always”).

Inflection

    declension of ܫܥܬܐ

state	singular	plural
absolute	ܫܥ) ,ܫܥܐ)	ܫܥܢ ,ܫܥܝܢ
construct	ܫܥܬ	ܫܥܬ ,ܫܥܝ
emphatic	ܫܥܬܐ	ܫܥܬܐ ,ܫܥܐ
possessive forms
1st c. sg. (my)	ܫܥܬܝ	ܫܥܬܝ ,ܫܥܝ
2nd m. sg. (your)	ܫܥܬܟ	ܫܥܬܟ ,ܫܥܝܟ
2nd f. sg. (your)	ܫܥܬܟܝ	ܫܥܬܟܝ ,ܫܥܝܟܝ
3rd m. sg. (his)	ܫܥܬܗ	ܫܥܬܗ ,ܫܥܘܗܝ
3rd f. sg. (her)	ܫܥܬܗ	ܫܥܬܗ ,ܫܥܝܗ
1st c. pl. (our)	ܫܥܬܢ	ܫܥܬܢ ,ܫܥܝܢ
2nd m. pl. (your)	ܫܥܬܟܘܢ	ܫܥܬܟܘܢ ,ܫܥܝܟܘܢ
2nd f. pl. (your)	ܫܥܬܟܝܢ	ܫܥܬܟܝܢ ,ܫܥܝܟܝܢ
3rd m. pl. (their)	ܫܥܬܗܘܢ	ܫܥܬܗܘܢ ,ܫܥܝܗܘܢ
3rd f. pl. (their)	ܫܥܬܗܝܢ	ܫܥܬܗܝܢ ,ܫܥܝܗܝܢ

Etymology 2

From the root ܫ-ܥ-ܐ (š-ʿ-ʾ) related to playing.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ʃ(ə)ʕɑθɑ(ʔ)] (singular and plural)

Noun

ܫܥܬܐ • (šʿāṯāʾ) f (plural ܫܥܬܐ)

1. amusement, joke
2. laughing stock
3. play, game
4. sport
5. spectacle

Inflection

    declension of ܫܥܬܐ

state	singular	plural
absolute	ܫܥܐ	ܫܥܢ
construct	ܫܥܬ	ܫܥܬ
emphatic	ܫܥܬܐ	ܫܥܬܐ
possessive forms
1st c. sg. (my)	ܫܥܬܝ	ܫܥܬܝ
2nd m. sg. (your)	ܫܥܬܟ	ܫܥܬܟ
2nd f. sg. (your)	ܫܥܬܟܝ	ܫܥܬܟܝ
3rd m. sg. (his)	ܫܥܬܗ	ܫܥܬܗ
3rd f. sg. (her)	ܫܥܬܗ	ܫܥܬܗ
1st c. pl. (our)	ܫܥܬܢ	ܫܥܬܢ
2nd m. pl. (your)	ܫܥܬܟܘܢ	ܫܥܬܟܘܢ
2nd f. pl. (your)	ܫܥܬܟܝܢ	ܫܥܬܟܝܢ
3rd m. pl. (their)	ܫܥܬܗܘܢ	ܫܥܬܗܘܢ
3rd f. pl. (their)	ܫܥܬܗܝܢ	ܫܥܬܗܝܢ

References

• “šˁh”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
• Costaz, Louis (2002) Dictionnaire syriaque-français ∙ Syriac–English Dictionary ∙ قاموس سرياني-عربي, 3rd edition, Beirut: Dar El-Machreq, pp. 363a, 375b
• Payne Smith, Jessie (1903) A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D., Oxford: Clarendon Press, pp. 588a, 598a
• Sokoloff, Michael (2009) A Syriac Lexicon: A Translation from the Latin, Correction, Expansion, and Update of C. Brockelmann's Lexicon Syriacum, Winona Lake, Indiana, Piscataway, New Jersey: Eisenbrauns; Gorgias Press, pp. 1584b-1585a

Turoyo

Etymology

From Aramaic ܫܥܬܐ (šāʿṯā). Doublet of ܣܰܥܰܐ (saca), an Arabic borrowing.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʃoʕθo/

Noun

ܫܳܥܬ݂ܳܐ • (šocṯo) f (plural ܫܳܥܶܐ (šoce))

1. hour

   Synonym: ܣܰܥܰܐ (saca)

See also

• ܫܰܬܳܐ (šato, “year”)
• ܝܰܪܚܳܐ (yarḥo, “month”)
• ܫܰܒܬ݂ܳܐ (šabṯo, “week”)
• ܝܰܘܡܳܐ (yawmo, “day”)
• ܕܰܩܩܰܐ (daqqa, “minute”), ܩܰܛܷܢܬܳܐ (qaṭënto, “minute”)
• ܨܰܢܝـܝܶܐ (ṣaniye, “second”), ܪܦܳܦܳܐ (rfofo, “second”)