ܫܒܬܐ

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic

Root
ܫ ܒ ܬ (š b t)
1 term

Etymology

From Aramaic שַׁבְּתָא (šabbəṯā), borrowed from Hebrew שַׁבָּת (shabát, “Sabbath”) and itself possibly from Akkadian 𒊭𒉺𒀜𒌈 (šapattum, “the middle day of the lunar month”); compare Arabic السَّبْت (as-sabt), Ancient Greek σάββατον (sábbaton) and English Sabbath.

Pronunciation

• (standard) IPA^(key): [ʃab.tɑː]
• (Nineveh Plains) IPA^(key): [ʃab.θɑː]

Proper noun

ܫܲܒܬܵܐ • (šabtā) f sg (plural ܫܲܒܵܬܹ̈ܐ (šabāttē) or ܫܲܒܹ̈ܐ (šabbē))

1. Saturday (the seventh and final day of the week)

   ܟܹܐ ܐܵܙܲܠ݇ܚ ܠܫܘܼܩܵܐ ܕܫܲܒܬܵܐ ܩܵܐ ܙܒ݂ܵܢܲܢ ܫܵܒ݂ܘܿܥܵܝܵܐ.

   kē āzaḥ l-šūqā d-šabtā qā zḇānan šāḇōˁāyā.

   We go to the Saturday market for our weekly shopping.

2. Sabbath (day of rest and worship)
   • Luke 23:56:

     ܕܝܼܪܗܘܿܢ ܘܗܘܼܕܸܪܗܘܿܢ ܒܸܣܡܹ̈ܐ ܘܗܹܪ̈ܘܿܡܹܐ، ܘܒܫܲܒܬܵܐ ܫܠܹܐ ܠܗܘܿܢ ܐܲܝܟ݂ ܦܘܼܩܕܵܢܵܐ.

     dīrhōn w-hūdirhōn bismē w-hērōmē, w-bšabtā šlē lhōn ayḵ puqdānā.

     Then they returned and prepared spices and fragrant oils. And they rested on the Sabbath according to the commandment.

3. week, the duration of a week, seven-day cycle

   Synonym: ܫܵܒ݂ܘܿܥܵܐ (šāḇōˁā)

Inflection

Inflection of ܫܲܒܬܵܐ (šabtā)

number	isolated forms		with possessive pronouns
	state	form	person	singular		plural
				m	f
singular	absolute	ܫܲܒܵܐ (šabbā)	1st person	ܫܲܒܬܝܼ (šabtī)		ܫܲܒܬܲܢ (šabtan)
	construct	ܫܲܒܲܬ (šabbat)	2nd person	ܫܲܒܬܘܼܟ݂ (šabtūḵ)	ܫܲܒܬܵܟ݂ܝ (šabtāḵ)	ܫܲܒܬܵܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ (šabtāwḵōn)
	emphatic	ܫܲܒܬܵܐ (šabtā)	3rd person	ܫܲܒܬܹܗ (šabtēh)	ܫܲܒܬܵܗ̇ (šabtāh)	ܫܲܒܬܗܘܿܢ (šabthōn)
plural	absolute	ܫܲܒܝܼ̈ܢ (šabīn)	1st person	ܫܲܒܵܬܝܼ̈ (šabāttī)		ܫܲܒܵܬܲܢ̈ (šabāttān)
	construct	ܫܲܒܵܬ̈ (šabbāt)	2nd person	ܫܲܒܵܬܘܼ̈ܟ݂ (šabāttōḵ)	ܫܲܒܵܬܵܟ݂ܝ̈ (šabāttāḵ)	ܫܲܒܵܬܵܘ̈ܟ݂ܘܿܢ (šabāttāwḵōn)
	emphatic	ܫܲܒܵܬܹ̈ܐ (šabāttē)	3rd person	ܫܲܒܵܬܘܼ̈ܗܝ (šabāttūh)	ܫܲܒܵܬ̈ܘܿܗ̇ (šabāttōh)	ܫܲܒܵܬܗ̈ܘܿܢ (šabātthōn)

Coordinate terms

• ܫܘܼܠܵܡ ܫܵܒ݂ܘܿܥܵܐ (šūlām šāḇōˁā, “weekend”)

(days of the week) ܝܵܘܡܵܢܹ̈ܐ ܕܫܵܒ݂ܘܿܥܵܐ (yāwmānē d-šāḇōˁā); ܚܲܕ݇ܒ݂ܫܲܒܵܐ (ḥaḇšabbā), ܬܪܹܝܢ݇ܒ݂ܫܲܒܵܐ (trēḇšabbā), ܬܠܵܬ݂ܵܒ݂ܫܲܒܵܐ (tlāṯāḇšabbā), ܐܲܪܒܥܵܒ݂ܫܲܒܵܐ (arbˁāḇšabbā), ܚܲܡܫܵܒ݂ܫܲܒܵܐ (ḥamšāḇšabbā), ܥܪܘܼܒ݂ܬܵܐ (ˁruḇtā), ܫܲܒܬ݂ܵܐ (šabṯā) ^{(Category: aii:Days of the week)}

Derived terms

• ܫܲܒܬܵܢܵܝܵܐ (šabtānāyā, “sabbatical”)

Classical Syriac

Etymology 1

Compare Arabic السَّبْت (as-sabt) and Hebrew שַׁבָּת (šabbāṯ).

Alternative forms

• ܫܘܒܬܐ

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ʃabb(ə)θɑ(ʔ)]

Noun

ܫܒܬܐ • (šabbəṯā) f (plural ܫܒܐ)

1. Sabbath, Saturday
2. week

   Synonym: ܫܒܘܥܐ

Inflection

    declension of ܫܒܬܐ

state	singular	plural
absolute	ܫܒܐ	ܫܒܝܢ
construct	ܫܒܬ	ܫܒܝ
emphatic	ܫܒܬܐ	ܫܒܐ
possessive forms
1st c. sg. (my)	ܫܒܬܝ	ܫܒܝ
2nd m. sg. (your)	ܫܒܬܟ	ܫܒܝܟ
2nd f. sg. (your)	ܫܒܬܟܝ	ܫܒܝܟܝ
3rd m. sg. (his)	ܫܒܬܗ	ܫܒܘܗܝ
3rd f. sg. (her)	ܫܒܬܗ	ܫܒܝܗ
1st c. pl. (our)	ܫܒܬܢ	ܫܒܝܢ
2nd m. pl. (your)	ܫܒܬܟܘܢ	ܫܒܝܟܘܢ
2nd f. pl. (your)	ܫܒܬܟܝܢ	ܫܒܝܟܝܢ
3rd m. pl. (their)	ܫܒܬܗܘܢ	ܫܒܝܗܘܢ
3rd f. pl. (their)	ܫܒܬܗܝܢ	ܫܒܝܗܝܢ

Descendants

• → Old Armenian: շաբաթ (šabatʻ)
  • Armenian: շաբաթ (šabatʻ)
  • → Old Georgian: შაბათი (šabati), შაფათი (šapati)
    • Georgian: შაბათი (šabati)
      • → Adyghe: шэмбэт (šɛmbɛt)
      • → Bats: შაბათ (šabat)
      • → Chechen: шот (šot)
      • → Ingush: шоатта (šoatta)
      • → Mingrelian: შაბათი (šabati)
      • → Kabardian: щэбэт (śɛbɛt)

Etymology 2

From Akkadian 𒅆𒂍𒌈 (/⁠šibittu⁠/); cognate to Persian شوید (ševid), Hebrew שֶׁבֶת (šéḇeṯ), Jewish Babylonian Aramaic שִׁיבְתָא (šiḇəṯā), Old Armenian սամիթ (samitʻ). Arabic شِبِثّ (šibiṯṯ) comes via Aramaic.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ʃ(ə)vɛttɑ(ʔ)]

Noun

ܫܒܬܐ • (šəḇettā) f (uncountable)

1. dill

References

• “šbh”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
• “šbt”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
• Costaz, Louis (2002) Dictionnaire syriaque-français ∙ Syriac–English Dictionary ∙ قاموس سرياني-عربي, 3rd edition, Beirut: Dar El-Machreq, pages 356a, 358b
• Payne Smith, Jessie (1903) A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D., Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 558a
• Sokoloff, Michael (2009) A Syriac Lexicon: A Translation from the Latin, Correction, Expansion, and Update of C. Brockelmann's Lexicon Syriacum, Winona Lake, Indiana, Piscataway, New Jersey: Eisenbrauns; Gorgias Press, page 1507a

Turoyo

Etymology

From Aramaic ܫܒܬܐ (šabbəṯā).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʃabθo/

Noun

ܫܰܒܬ݂ܳܐ • (šabṯo) m (plural ܫܰܒܶܐ (šabe))

1. week
2. Saturday

See also

• ܫܰܬܳܐ (šato, “year”)
• ܝܰܪܚܳܐ (yarḥo, “month”)
• ܝܰܘܡܳܐ (yawmo, “day”)
• ܣܰܥܰܐ (saca, “hour”), ܫܳܥܬ݂ܳܐ (šocṯo, “hour”)
• ܕܰܩܩܰܐ (daqqa, “minute”), ܩܰܛܷܢܬܳܐ (qaṭënto, “minute”)
• ܨܰܢܝـܝܶܐ (ṣaniye, “second”), ܪܦܳܦܳܐ (rfofo, “second”)