冥

Translingual

Han character

冥 (Kangxi radical 14, 冖+8, 10 strokes, cangjie input 月日卜金 (BAYC), four-corner 3780₀, composition ⿳冖日六)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 130, character 28
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1588
• Dae Jaweon: page 293, character 8
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 304, character 10
• Unihan data for U+51A5

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		冥

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (冥) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
瞑	*meːn, *meːns, *meːŋ
嫇	*mreːŋ, *meːŋ, *meːŋʔ
慏	*meŋʔ
冥	*meːŋ
榠	*meːŋ
鄍	*meːŋ
溟	*meːŋ, *meːŋʔ
螟	*meːŋ
猽	*meːŋ
蓂	*meːŋ, *meːɡ
覭	*meːŋ, *meːɡ
暝	*meːŋ, *meːŋs
幎	*meːɡ
幂	*meːɡ
塓	*meːɡ

Originally Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 冖 (“cloth cover”) + 日 (“sun”) + 廾 (“two hands”), where 廾 was corrupted to 六.

May also be a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *meːŋ) : phonetic 冖 (OC *meːɡ) + semantic 日 + semantic 廾 (Shuowen Jiezi).

Etymology

STEDT compares it to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *muːŋ ~ r/s-muːk (“foggy; dark; sullen; menacing; thunder”).

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): míng (ming²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄇㄧㄥˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ming⁴ / ming⁵
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): mèn
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): bêng

  (Teochew, Peng'im): mêng⁵

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: míng
    • Zhuyin: ㄇㄧㄥˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: míng
    • Wade–Giles: ming²
    • Yale: míng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ming
    • Palladius: мин (min)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /miŋ³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: ming⁴ / ming⁵
    • Yale: mìhng / míhng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ming⁴ / ming⁵
    • Guangdong Romanization: ming⁴ / ming⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɪŋ²¹/, /mɪŋ¹³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mèn
    • Hakka Romanization System: menˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: men²
    • Sinological IPA: /men¹¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bêng
    • Tâi-lô: bîng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: beeng
    • IPA (Xiamen): /biɪŋ²⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /biɪŋ²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /biɪŋ¹³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /biɪŋ²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /biɪŋ²³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: mêng⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: mêng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /meŋ⁵⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: meng

Rime
Character	冥
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	青 (125)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	莫經切
Baxter	meng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/meŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/meŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/mɛŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/mɛjŋ/
Li Rong	/meŋ/
Wang Li	/mieŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/mieŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	míng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ming4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*mˤeŋ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*meːŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	冥
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	míng
Middle Chinese	‹ meng ›
Old Chinese	/*mˁeŋ/
English	dark
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	冥
Reading #	1/1
No.	9197
Phonetic component	冥
Rime group	耕
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	冥
Old Chinese	/*meːŋ/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 冥

1. dark
2. deep; profound
3. the Underworld
4. gloomy
5. night

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): mián (mian²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄇㄧㄢˊ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: mián
    • Zhuyin: ㄇㄧㄢˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: mián
    • Wade–Giles: mien²
    • Yale: myán
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mian
    • Palladius: мянь (mjanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mi̯ɛn³⁵/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 冥

1. Only used in 颠冥.

Pronunciation 3

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): miàn (mian⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄇㄧㄢˋ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: miàn
    • Zhuyin: ㄇㄧㄢˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: miàn
    • Wade–Giles: mien⁴
    • Yale: myàn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: miann
    • Palladius: мянь (mjanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mi̯ɛn⁵¹/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 冥

1. Only used in 冥眴.

References

• “冥”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

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Japanese

Kanji

冥

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

1. dark
2. underworld; the world of dead people

Readings

• Go-on: みょう (myō, Jōyō)^{←みやう (myau, historical)}
• Kan-on: めい (mei, Jōyō)
• Kun: くらい (kurai, 冥い)

Compounds

dark

• 冥加
• 冥利
• 晦冥
• 玄冥

world of dead people

• 冥王
• 冥王星
• 冥界
• 冥土
• 冥府
• 冥福

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Korean

Hanja

冥 (eum 명 (myeong))

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

冥: Hán Nôm readings: minh, mênh, mưng

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.