南無

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Chinese

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phonetic
trad. (南無)
simp. (南无)
alternative forms

Etymology

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Borrowed from Sanskrit नमो (namo), the sandhi form of Sanskrit नमस् (namas, literally a bow) that appears before words beginning with a voiced consonant, which was presumably common in Buddhist texts.

The modern pronunciations are irregular in order to match the original Sanskrit pronunciation.

Pronunciation

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Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Initial () (8) (4)
Final () (159) (24)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Closed
Division () I III
Fanqie
Baxter nom mju
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/nʌm/ /mɨo/
Pan
Wuyun
/nəm/ /mio/
Shao
Rongfen
/nɒm/ /mio/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/nəm/ /muə̆/
Li
Rong
/nᴀm/ /mio/
Wang
Li
/nɒm/ /mĭu/
Bernard
Karlgren
/năm/ /mi̯u/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
nán
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
naam4 mou4

Verb

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南無

  1. (Buddhism) Used in Buddhist salutations or expressions of faith: to salute; to homage or to take refuge (a Buddha or a Bodhisattva).

Derived terms

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Descendants

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Sino-Xenic (南無):

Japanese

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Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term

Grade: 2
(ateji)

Grade: 4
(ateji)
on'yomi

Transliteration of Sanskrit नमो (namo), from Sanskrit नमस् (námas, literally a bow),[1][2] possibly via Middle Chinese 南無 (MC nom mju).

Compare Mandarin 南無南无 (námó).

Pronunciation

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Phrase

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()() (namu

  1. (Buddhism) Used in Buddhist salutations or expressions of faith: to salute; to homage or to take refuge (a Buddha or a Bodhisattva).
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term

Grade: 2
(ateji)

Grade: 4
(ateji)
on'yomi tōon
Alternative spelling
南謨

Likely a borrowing from Mandarin 南無南无 (námó).

Phrase

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()() (namo

  1. (Buddhism) Used in Buddhist salutations or expressions of faith: to salute; to homage or to take refuge (a Buddha or a Bodhisattva).

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. 2.0 2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN