囏

Translingual

Han character

囏 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+20, 23 strokes, cangjie input 廿人土口口 (TOGRR), composition ⿰𦰩喜)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 215, character 24
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 4643
• Dae Jaweon: page 438, character 27
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 708, character 12
• Unihan data for U+56CF

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		囏

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (堇) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
囏	*krɯːn
螼	*kʰrɯnʔ, *kʰrɯns
堇	*ɡrɯn, *kɯnʔ
墐	*ɡrɯn, *ɡrɯns
𥎊	*ɡrɯn
僅	*ɡrɯns
瑾	*ɡrɯns
覲	*ɡrɯns
殣	*ɡrɯns
饉	*ɡrɯns
廑	*ɡrɯns
瘽	*ɡrɯns, *ɡɯn, *ɡɯnʔ
歏	*ɡrɯns
鄞	*ŋɡrɯn, *ŋɡɯn
謹	*kɯnʔ
槿	*kɯnʔ
漌	*kɯnʔ
慬	*kɯnʔ, *ɡɯn
勤	*ɡɯn
懃	*ɡɯn
懄	*ɡɯn

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jiān (jian¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄢ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gaan¹

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jiān
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄢ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jian
    • Wade–Giles: chien¹
    • Yale: jyān
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jian
    • Palladius: цзянь (czjanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: gaan¹
    • Yale: gāan
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gaan¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: gan¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kaːn⁵⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: kean

Rime
Character	囏
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	山 (73)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	古閑切
Baxter	kean
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠɛn/
Pan Wuyun	/kᵚæn/
Shao Rongfen	/kæn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kəɨn/
Li Rong	/kɛn/
Wang Li	/kæn/
Bernard Karlgren	/kăn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiān
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gaan1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*kˤrə[r]/

  (Zhengzhang): /*krɯːn/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	囏
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jiān
Middle Chinese	‹ kɛn ›
Old Chinese	/*kˁrə[r]/
English	distress, difficulty
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	囏
Reading #	1/1
No.	6728
Phonetic component	堇
Rime group	文
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	閒
Old Chinese	/*krɯːn/
Notes	艱古文

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 囏

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References

• Jyutping Database (iso10646hk.net) - Cantonese Pronunciation List (Part 1), p. 84

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Japanese

Kanji

囏

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

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Readings

• On (unclassified): かん (kan), けん (ken)
• Kun: かたし (katashi), なやみ (nayami)

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Korean

Hanja

囏 • (gan) (hangeul 간)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.