垣

Translingual

Han character

垣 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 土一日一 (GMAM), four-corner 4111₆, composition ⿰土亘)

1. low wall

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 228, character 20
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5060
• Dae Jaweon: page 464, character 17
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 437, character 11
• Unihan data for U+57A3

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		垣

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 垣
Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (亘) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
烜	*qʰrolʔ, *qʰonʔ
貆	*qʰoːn, *ɡoːn, *qʰon
峘	*ɡoːn, *ɡɯːŋ
狟	*ɡoːn
絙	*ɡoːn, *kɯːŋ
荁	*ɡoːn
宣	*sqʰon
咺	*qʰonʔ
暅	*qʰonʔ
桓	*ɡʷaːn
洹	*ɡʷaːn, *ɢʷan
揎	*sqʰʷan
愃	*sqʰʷan, *qʰʷanʔ
瑄	*sqʰʷan
渲	*sqʰʷans
喧	*qʰʷan
萱	*qʰʷan
暄	*qʰʷan
諠	*qʰʷan
翧	*qʰʷan
蝖	*qʰʷan
垣	*ɢʷan
楦	*qʰʷans

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yuán (yuan²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄩㄢˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): wun⁴

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yuán
    • Zhuyin: ㄩㄢˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yuán
    • Wade–Giles: yüan²
    • Yale: ywán
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yuan
    • Palladius: юань (juanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɥɛn³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: wun⁴
    • Yale: wùhn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: wun⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: wun⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /wuːn²¹/

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• Middle Chinese: hjwon

Rime
Character	垣
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	云 (35)
Final (韻)	元 (66)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	雨元切
Baxter	hjwon
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦʉɐn/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦʷiɐn/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣiuɐn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦuan/
Li Rong	/ɣiuɐn/
Wang Li	/ɣĭwɐn/
Bernard Karlgren	/i̯wɐn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yuán
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jyun4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɢ]ʷar/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɢʷan/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	垣
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yuán
Middle Chinese	‹ hjwon ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɢ]ʷar/
English	wall
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	垣
Reading #	1/1
No.	14017
Phonetic component	亘
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	袁
Old Chinese	/*ɢʷan/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 垣

1. wall
2. city

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Japanese

Kanji

垣

(Jōyō kanji)

Readings

• On (unclassified): えん (en)
• Kun: かき (kaki, 垣, Jōyō)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
垣
かき Grade: S
kun'yomi

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Alternative forms

• 牆(かき) (kaki)

Noun

垣(かき) • (kaki) 

1. fence

See also

• 垣(かき)根(ね) (kakine)
• 柵(さく) (saku)

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 垣 (viên)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.