堁

Translingual

Han character

堁 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 土田木 (GWD), four-corner 4619₄, composition ⿰土果)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 231, character 22
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5206
• Dae Jaweon: page 469, character 1
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 453, character 2
• Unihan data for U+5801

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		堁

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): kè (ke⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄎㄜˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): fo³

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: kè
    • Zhuyin: ㄎㄜˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: kè
    • Wade–Giles: kʻo⁴
    • Yale: kè
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: keh
    • Palladius: кэ (kɛ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɤ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: fo³
    • Yale: fo
    • Cantonese Pinyin: fo³
    • Guangdong Romanization: fo³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fɔː³³/

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• Middle Chinese: khwaX, khwojH, khwaH

Rime
Character	堁	堁	堁
Reading #	1/3	2/3	3/3
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)	溪 (29)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	戈 (95)	灰 (42)	戈 (95)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Departing (H)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Closed	Closed
Division (等)	I	I	I
Fanqie	苦果切	苦對切	苦卧切
Baxter	khwaX	khwojH	khwaH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰuɑX/	/kʰuʌiH/	/kʰuɑH/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰuɑX/	/kʰuoiH/	/kʰuɑH/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰuɑX/	/kʰuɒiH/	/kʰuɑH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰwaX/	/kʰwəjH/	/kʰwaH/
Li Rong	/kʰuɑX/	/kʰuᴀiH/	/kʰuɑH/
Wang Li	/kʰuɑX/	/kʰuɒiH/	/kʰuɑH/
Bernard Karlgren	/kʰuɑX/	/kʰuɑ̆iH/	/kʰuɑH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	kuǒ	kuì	kuò
Expected Cantonese Reflex	fo2	fui3	fo3

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*kʰloːlʔ/, /*kʰloːls/, /*kloːns/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	堁	堁	堁
Reading #	1/3	2/3	3/3
No.	4782	4785	4800
Phonetic component	果	果	果
Rime group	歌	歌	微
Rime subdivision	3	3	2
Corresponding MC rime	顆		塊
Old Chinese	/*kʰloːlʔ/	/*kʰloːls/	/*kloːns/
Notes	見宋玉賦	見宋玉賦	見宋玉賦

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 堁

1. (literary) dust

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Japanese

Kanji

堁

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• On (unclassified): か (ka), かい (kai), け (ke), わ (wa)
• Kun: おか (oka), ちり (chiri), あじか (ajika)