建

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

建 (Kangxi radical 54, 廴+6, 8 (Mainland), 9 (Hong Kong, Japan, Taiwan) strokes, cangjie input 弓大中手 (NKLQ), four-corner 1540₀, composition ⿺廴聿)

Derived characters

• 健 鍵 (键)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 353, character 4
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 9574
• Dae Jaweon: page 667, character 5
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 404, character 10
• Unihan data for U+5EFA

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		建
alternative forms		迠 second round simplified

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 建
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (建) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
犍	*ɡran, *kan
騝	*ɡran, *kan
鍵	*ɡran, *ɡranʔ, *ɡanʔ
揵	*ɡran, *kanʔ
鞬	*kan
腱	*kan, *ɡans
湕	*kanʔ
建	*kans
旔	*kans
楗	*ɡanʔ
健	*ɡans

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 廴 + 聿.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jiàn (jian⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄢˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gin³
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kien / kian
• Eastern Min (BUC): gióng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): kiàn

  (Teochew, Peng'im): giêng⁶ / giang⁶ / giêng³ / giang³

• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ⁵ci

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jiàn
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄢˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jiàn
    • Wade–Giles: chien⁴
    • Yale: jyàn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiann
    • Palladius: цзянь (czjanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: gin³
    • Yale: gin
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gin³
    • Guangdong Romanization: gin³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kiːn³³/
• Hakka
  • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kien
    • Hakka Romanization System: gien
    • Hagfa Pinyim: gian⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /ki̯en⁵⁵/
  • (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kian
    • Hakka Romanization System: gian
    • Hagfa Pinyim: gian⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /ki̯an⁵⁵/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: gióng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kyɔŋ²¹³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiàn
    • Tâi-lô: kiàn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kiexn
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kiɛn²¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɛn⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiɛn²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kiɛn¹¹/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiɛn²¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: giêng⁶ / giang⁶ / giêng³ / giang³
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kiĕng / kiăng / kièng / kiàng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kieŋ³⁵/, /kiaŋ³⁵/, /kieŋ²¹³/, /kiaŋ²¹³/

Note:

• giêng6 - Chaozhou, used in 福建;
• giang6 - Shantou, used in 福建;
• giêng3 - Chaozhou;
• giang3 - Shantou.

• Wu
  • (Shanghai):
    • Wugniu: ⁵ci
    • MiniDict: ci^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²ji
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕi³⁴/

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• Middle Chinese: kjonH

Rime
Character	建
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	元 (65)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	居万切
Baxter	kjonH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɨɐnH/
Pan Wuyun	/kiɐnH/
Shao Rongfen	/kiɐnH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kɨanH/
Li Rong	/kiɐnH/
Wang Li	/kĭɐnH/
Bernard Karlgren	/kɨ̯ɐnH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gin3

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]a[n]-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kans/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	建
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jiàn
Middle Chinese	‹ kjonH ›
Old Chinese	/*[k]a[n]-s/
English	set up, establish
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	建
Reading #	1/1
No.	6220
Phonetic component	建
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	建
Old Chinese	/*kans/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 建

1. to build; to construct; to erect
2. to establish; to found
3. to propose; to suggest

Compounds

(deprecated template usage)

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Japanese

Kanji

建

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

1. build, establish, erect, found

Readings

• Go-on: こん (kon, Jōyō ^†)
• Kan-on: けん (ken, Jōyō)
• Kun: たつ (tatsu, 建つ, Jōyō); たてる (tateru, 建てる, Jōyō)

Compounds

• 建設(けんせつ) (kensetsu)
• 建造(けんぞう) (kenzō)
• 建築(けんちく) (kenchiku)
• 建(たて)具(ぐ) (tategu)
• 土建(どけん) (doken)

 

Proper noun

建(けん) • (Ken) 

1. a male given name

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Korean

Hanja

建 (eumhun 세울 건 (se'ul geon))

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Compounds

• 건축 (建築, geonchuk)
• 건설 (建設, geonseol)
• 건의 (建議, geonui)
• 건조 (建造, geonjo)
• 건공 (建功, geon'gong)
• 건국 (建國, geon'guk)
• 건구 (建具, geon'gu)

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 建 (kiến)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.