健

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健 U+5065, 健
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5065
← 偤
[U+5064] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 偦 →
[U+5066]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
10 strokes

Han character[edit]

健 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+9, 11 strokes, cangjie input 人弓大手 (ONKQ), four-corner 25240, composition ⿰亻建)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 111, character 11
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 875
  • Dae Jaweon: page 237, character 10
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 184, character 9
  • Unihan data for U+5065

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 健
2nd round simp. 伣
alternative forms 徤

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 健
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script
Small seal script

s05709

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (建) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
犍 *ɡran, *kan
騝 *ɡran, *kan
鍵 *ɡran, *ɡranʔ, *ɡanʔ
揵 *ɡran, *kanʔ
鞬 *kan
腱 *kan, *ɡans
湕 *kanʔ
建 *kans
旔 *kans
楗 *ɡanʔ
健 *ɡans

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡans): semantic 亻 (“person”) + phonetic 建 (OC *kans).

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • giâng - vernacular;
  • giông - literary.
  • Min Nan
    • Note:
    • kiāⁿ - vernacular;
    • kiān - literary.
    Note:
    • giang6/giêng6 - literary (giêng6 - Chaozhou);
    • gian7 - vernacular.
  • Wu
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 健
    Mandarin Beijing /t͡ɕian⁵¹/
    Harbin /t͡ɕian⁵³/
    Tianjin /t͡ɕian⁵³/
    Jinan /t͡ɕiã²¹/
    Qingdao /t͡ɕiã⁴²/
    Zhengzhou /t͡ɕian³¹²/
    Xi'an /t͡ɕiã⁴⁴/
    Xining /t͡ɕiã²¹³/
    Yinchuan /t͡ɕian¹³/
    Lanzhou /t͡ɕiɛ̃n¹³/
    Ürümqi /t͡ɕian²¹³/
    Wuhan /t͡ɕiɛn³⁵/
    Chengdu /t͡ɕian¹³/
    Guiyang /t͡ɕian²¹³/
    Kunming /t͡ɕʰiɛ̃⁴⁴/
    Nanjing /t͡ɕien⁴⁴/
    Hefei /t͡ɕiĩ⁵³/
    Jin Taiyuan /t͡ɕie⁴⁵/
    Pingyao /t͡ɕie̞³⁵/
    Hohhot /t͡ɕie⁵⁵/
    Wu Shanghai /t͡ɕi³⁵/
    Suzhou /d͡ʑiɪ³¹/
    Hangzhou /d͡ʑiẽ̞¹³/
    Wenzhou /d͡ʑi²²/
    Hui Shexian /t͡ɕʰie²²/
    Tunxi /t͡ɕiɛ⁴²/
    Xiang Changsha /t͡ɕiẽ⁵⁵/
    Xiangtan /t͡ɕiẽ⁵⁵/
    Gan Nanchang /t͡ɕʰiɛn²¹/
    Hakka Meixian /kʰian⁵³/
    Taoyuan /kʰien⁵⁵/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /kin²²/
    Nanning /kin²²/
    Hong Kong /kin²²/
    Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /kian²²/
    /kiã²²/
    Fuzhou (Min Dong) /kyɔŋ²⁴²/
    Jian'ou (Min Bei) /kyiŋ³³/
    Shantou (Min Nan) /kiaŋ³⁵/
    /kiã³¹/
    Haikou (Min Nan) /kin³⁵/
    Rime
    Character 健
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 群 (30)
    Final (韻) 元 (65)
    Tone (調) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 渠建切
    Baxter gjonH
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/ɡɨɐnH/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/ɡiɐnH/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/ɡiɐnH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/gɨanH/
    Li
    Rong         		/ɡiɐnH/
    Wang
    Li         		/ɡĭɐnH/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/gɨ̯ɐnH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		jiàn
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		gin6
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 健
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 6224
    Phonetic
    component         		建
    Rime
    group         		元
    Rime
    subdivision         		1
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		健
    Old
    Chinese         		/*ɡans/

    Definitions[edit]

    健

    1. strong; robust; vigorous
    2. healthy; in good health
      健康  ―  jiànkāng  ―  health; healthy; sound
    3. adeptly; energetically
    4. a surname

    Compounds[edit]

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    健

    (grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    1. strong, robust, healthy
    2. strength

    Readings[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Proper noun[edit]

    健(けん) • (Ken) 

    1. a male given name

    健(たけし) • (Takeshi) 

    1. a male given name

    Korean[edit]

    Etymology[edit]

    From Middle Chinese 健 (MC gjonH).

    Historical readings

    Pronunciation[edit]

    • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [kɘ(ː)n]
    • Phonetic hangul: [건(ː)]
      • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

    Hanja[edit]

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    健 (eumhun 굳셀 건 (gutsel geon))
    健 (eumhun 건강할 건 (geon'ganghal geon))

    1. Hanja form? of 건 (“strong; firm”).
    2. Hanja form? of 건 (“used to form nouns related to health”).

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    References[edit]

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    健: Hán Nôm readings: kiện, kẹn, lương

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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