文書
Chinese
language; culture; writing language; culture; writing; formal; literary; gentle |
book; letter | ||
---|---|---|---|
trad. (文書) | 文 | 書 | |
simp. (文书) | 文 | 书 |
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): man4 syu1
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): vùn-sû
- Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): bûn-su / bûn-sir / bûn-si
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄨㄣˊ ㄕㄨ
- Tongyong Pinyin: wúnshu
- Wade–Giles: wên2-shu1
- Yale: wén-shū
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wenshu
- Palladius: вэньшу (vɛnʹšu)
- Sinological IPA (key): /wən³⁵ ʂu⁵⁵/
- Homophones:
[Show/Hide] 文書/文书
文殊
- (Standard Chinese)
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: man4 syu1
- Yale: màhn syū
- Cantonese Pinyin: man4 sy1
- Guangdong Romanization: men4 xu1
- Sinological IPA (key): /mɐn²¹ syː⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: vùn-sû
- Hakka Romanization System: vunˇ su´
- Hagfa Pinyim: vun2 su1
- Sinological IPA: /vun¹¹ su²⁴/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bûn-su
- Tâi-lô: bûn-su
- Phofsit Daibuun: bunsw
- IPA (Xiamen): /bun²⁴⁻²² su⁴⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /bun²³⁻³³ su⁴⁴/
- IPA (Taipei): /bun²⁴⁻¹¹ su⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bûn-sir
- Tâi-lô: bûn-sir
- IPA (Quanzhou): /bun²⁴⁻²² sɯ³³/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bûn-si
- Tâi-lô: bûn-si
- Phofsit Daibuun: bunsy
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /bun¹³⁻²² si⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
Noun
(deprecated template usage) 文書
- official document; official correspondence; official dispatch
- (literary) secretary
- (literary) written language; writing; script
- (literary) books; works
Synonyms
- (official document): 公文 (gōngwén)
Derived terms
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Japanese
Etymology 1
Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
文 | 書 |
ぶん Grade: 1 |
しょ Grade: 2 |
on’yomi |
From (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Middle Chinese compound 文書 (*miən *shiu). Compare modern Chinese 文書/文书 (wénshū).
The kan'on reading, so likely a later borrowing. Now the most common reading for this term.
Pronunciation
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Noun
- a document, a written record
- 文書でお問い合わせください。
- Bunsho de otoiawase kudasai.
- Please contact us in writing.
- 物語を丸ごと文書に書き留めた。
- Monogatari o marugoto bunsho ni kakitometa.
- She wrote down the whole story. / She got the whole story down on paper.
- 文書でお問い合わせください。
- a letter, an epistle
- 文書を頻繁に交わしていた。
- Bunsho o hinpan ni kawashite ita.
- They frequently exchanged letters.
- 文書を頻繁に交わしていた。
Synonyms
Etymology 2
Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
文 | 書 |
もん Grade: 1 |
しょ > じょ Grade: 2 |
on’yomi |
From (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Middle Chinese compound 文書 (*miən *shiu), with rendaku for the 書 character. The sho changes to jo as an instance of rendaku (連濁). Compare modern Chinese 文書/文书 (wénshū).
The goon reading, so likely the initial borrowing. Less common reading in modern (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Japanese.
Pronunciation
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Noun
- a document
- (in palaeography) a written text between two parties
Derived terms
Etymology 3
Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
文 | 書 |
もん Grade: 1 |
ぞ Grade: 2 |
irregular |
Archaic alteration of monjo above.
Pronunciation
Noun
Etymology 4
Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
文 | 書 |
ふみ Grade: 1 |
かき > がき Grade: 2 |
kun’yomi |
Compound of 文 (fumi, “writing; a letter, an epistle”) + 書 (kaki, “writing”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 書く kaku, “to write”).[1] The kaki changes to gaki as an instance of rendaku (連濁).
Pronunciation
Noun
- (archaic) the act of writing of a letter or correspondence
- (archaic) the writing in a letter or correspondence, especially the style or appearance
- c. 1001–1014, Murasaki Shikibu, Genji Monogatari (text here):
- 古代なる御文書きなれど
- こだいなるおおむふみがきなれど
- Kodai naru ōmu-fumigaki naredo
- The writing is old-fashioned, but...
- 古代なる御文書きなれど
- c. 1001–1014, Murasaki Shikibu, Genji Monogatari (text here):
References
- ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
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