澀

See also: 渋, 涩, and 澁

Translingual

Traditional	澀
Simplified	涩
Japanese	渋
Korean	澁

Han character

澀 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+14, 17 strokes, cangjie input 水尸戈一 (ESIM), four-corner 3711₁, composition ⿰氵歰)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 651, character 20
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 18311
• Dae Jaweon: page 1061, character 23
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1774, character 12
• Unihan data for U+6F80

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Chinese

trad.		澀
simp.		涩
alternative forms		濇／涩 歰 澁 歮

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (歰) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
澀	*srɯb
歰	*srɯb
澁	*srɯb

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *srɯb) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 歰 (OC *srɯb).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): sè (se⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄙㄜˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): saap³ / sap¹ / sik¹ / gip³
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sep
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): siap / sip

  (Teochew, Peng'im): siab⁴

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: sè
    • Zhuyin: ㄙㄜˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: sè
    • Wade–Giles: sê⁴
    • Yale: sè
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: seh
    • Palladius: сэ (sɛ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɤ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: saap³ / sap¹ / sik¹ / gip³
    • Yale: saap / sāp / sīk / gip
    • Cantonese Pinyin: saap⁸ / sap⁷ / sik⁷ / gip⁸
    • Guangdong Romanization: sab³ / seb¹ / xig¹ / gib³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /saːp̚³/, /sɐp̚⁵/, /sɪk̚⁵/, /kiːp̚³/

Note:

• saap3, sap1, sik1 - literary (all senses);
• gip3 - vernacular (“acerbic; tart”).

• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sep
    • Hakka Romanization System: seb`
    • Hagfa Pinyim: seb⁵
    • Sinological IPA: /sep̚²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siap / sip
    • Tâi-lô: siap / sip
    • Phofsit Daibuun: siab, sib
    • IPA (Xiamen): /siap̚³²/, /sip̚³²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /siap̚⁵/, /sip̚⁵/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /siap̚³²/, /sip̚³²/
    • IPA (Taipei): /siap̚³²/, /sip̚³²/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /siap̚³²/, /sip̚³²/

Note:

• siap - vernacular;
• sip - literary.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: siab⁴
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: siap
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /siap̚²/

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• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 澀
Mandarin	Beijing	/sɤ⁵¹/
	Harbin	/sɤ⁵³/
	Tianjin	/sei²¹/ /sɤ⁵³/
	Jinan	/ʂei²¹³/
	Qingdao	/ʂe⁵⁵/
	Zhengzhou	/ʂɛ²⁴/
	Xi'an	/sei²¹/
	Xining	/su⁵³/
	Yinchuan	/sə¹³/
	Lanzhou	/ʂə¹³/
	Ürümqi	/sɤ⁵¹/ /sei⁴⁴/
	Wuhan	/sɤ²¹³/
	Chengdu	/se³¹/
	Guiyang	/sɛ²¹/
	Kunming	/sə³¹/
	Nanjing	/səʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/sɐʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/saʔ²/
	Pingyao	/sʌʔ¹³/
	Hohhot	/saʔ⁴³/
Wu	Shanghai	/səʔ⁵/
	Suzhou	/səʔ⁵/
	Hangzhou	/səʔ⁵/
	Wenzhou	/se²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/seʔ²¹/
	Tunxi	/sz̩⁵/
Xiang	Changsha	/sə²⁴/ /t͡ɕie²⁴/
	Xiangtan	/sæ²⁴/
Gan	Nanchang	/sɛʔ⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/sep̚¹/
	Taoyuan	/sep̚²²/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/kip̚³/
	Nanning	/kip̚³³/
	Hong Kong	/sɐk̚⁵/ /kip̚³/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/siap̚³²/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/siʔ²³/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/sɛ²⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/siap̚²/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/tiap̚⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: srip

Rime
Character	澀
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	生 (21)
Final (韻)	緝 (142)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	色立切
Baxter	srip
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʃˠiɪp̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ʃᵚip̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ʃiep̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʂjip̚/
Li Rong	/ʃjəp̚/
Wang Li	/ʃĭĕp̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʂi̯əp̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	she
Expected Cantonese Reflex	sap1

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*srɯb/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	澀
Reading #	1/1
No.	11000
Phonetic component	歰
Rime group	緝
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	歰
Old Chinese	/*srɯb/
Notes	同歰

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 澀

1. astringent; acerbic; tart
2. (of writing) hard to understand; obscure; not flowing
3. (of surfaces) rough; unsmooth
4. (Southern Min) stingy; miserly

Synonyms

• (stingy):

(deprecated template usage)

• 吝嗇／吝啬 (lìnsè)
• 小氣／小气 (xiǎoqì)
• 慳吝／悭吝 (qiānlìn) (literary)
• 摳／抠 (kōu)
• 摳門／抠门 (kōumén)
• 窮相／穷相 (qióngxiàng) (literary or regional)
• 鄙吝 (bǐlìn) (literary)

 

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Japanese

Kanji

澀

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

Definitions

1. Like the astringency of persimmons: quiet, subdued, and refined in taste.

Readings

• On (unclassified): じゅう (jū); しゅう (shū)
• Kun: しぶい (shibui); しぶ (shibu)

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Vietnamese

Han character

澀: Hán Nôm readings: sáp, xát

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Nom Foundation