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Translingual

Traditional
Shinjitai
Simplified

Han character

(Kangxi radical 85, +16, 19 strokes, cangjie input 水木中金 (EDLC), four-corner 31186, composition )

  1. swift current
  2. rapids

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 660, character 20
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 18672
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1070, character 13
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1782, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+7028

Chinese

trad.
simp.

Glyph origin

Phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *raːds) : semantic (water) + phonetic (OC *raːds).

Pronunciation



Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (37)
Final () (25)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () I
Fanqie
Baxter lajH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/lɑiH/
Pan
Wuyun
/lɑiH/
Shao
Rongfen
/lɑiH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/lajH/
Li
Rong
/lɑiH/
Wang
Li
/lɑiH/
Bernard
Karlgren
/lɑiH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
lài
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
laai6
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
lài
Middle
Chinese
‹ lajH ›
Old
Chinese
/*C.rˁa[t]-s/
English rapids

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 7634
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*raːds/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage)

  1. swift current
  2. rapids

Compounds

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Japanese

Shinjitai

Kyūjitai

Kanji

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for nameskyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form )

  1. swift current
  2. rapids

Readings

  • On (unclassified): らい (rai)
  • Kun: (se, )

Korean

Hanja

(roe>noe) (hangeul >, revised roe>noe, McCune–Reischauer roe>noe, Yale loy>noy)

  1. rapids
  2. swift current
  3. submit to
  4. dependence, trust, reliance