犁

See also: 犂

Translingual

Han character

犁 (Kangxi radical 93, 牛+7, 11 strokes, cangjie input 竹弓竹手 (HNHQ), four-corner 2250₀, composition ⿱利牛)

1. plough

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 701, character 17
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 20037
• Dae Jaweon: page 1114, character 22
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1811, character 1
• Unihan data for U+7281

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		犁
alternative forms		犂

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 犁
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (利) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
犁	*riːl, *ril
黎	*riːl
莉	*riːl, *r'il, *r'i
黧	*riːl
鯬	*riːl, *ril
筣	*riːl, *ri
蔾	*riːl, *ril
藜	*riːl
邌	*riːl
瓈	*riːl
鵹	*rel
棃	*ril
梨	*ril
蟍	*ril
蜊	*ril
鑗	*ril
利	*rids
痢	*rids
浰	*riːns

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *riːl, *ril) : phonetic 利 (OC *rids) + semantic 牛 (“cow”)

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): lí (li²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄌㄧˊ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): ni²

• Cantonese (Jyutping): lai⁴
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): lài
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): lê / lôe / lêre

  (Teochew, Peng'im): loi⁵

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: lí
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄧˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: lí
    • Wade–Giles: li²
    • Yale: lí
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: li
    • Palladius: ли (li)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /li³⁵/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: ni²
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: li
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ni²¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: lai⁴
    • Yale: làih
    • Cantonese Pinyin: lai⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: lei⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɐi̯²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lài
    • Hakka Romanization System: laiˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: lai²
    • Sinological IPA: /lai̯¹¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Taichung, Yilan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lê
    • Tâi-lô: lê
    • Phofsit Daibuun: lee
    • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Tainan, Yilan): /le²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /le¹³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /le²³/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Xiamen, Taipei, Lukang, Kinmen, Magong, Hsinchu)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lôe
    • Tâi-lô: luê
    • Phofsit Daibuun: loee
    • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Xiamen, Taipei, Lukang, Kinmen): /lue²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Sanxia)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lêre
    • Tâi-lô: lerê

Note:

• Xiamen, Quanzhou:
  • lê - literary;
  • lôe - vernacular.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: loi⁵
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lôi
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /loi⁵⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: lej

Rime
Character	犁
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	齊 (39)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	郎奚切
Baxter	lej
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/lei/
Pan Wuyun	/lei/
Shao Rongfen	/lɛi/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lɛj/
Li Rong	/lei/
Wang Li	/liei/
Bernard Karlgren	/liei/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	lí
Expected Cantonese Reflex	lai4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[r]ˤ[i]j/, /*[r][i]j/

  (Zhengzhang): /*riːl/, /*ril/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	犁	犁
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	lí	lí
Middle Chinese	‹ lej ›	‹ lij ›
Old Chinese	/*[r]ˁ[i]j/	/*[r][i]j/
English	plow	plow (n., v.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	犁	犁
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	7879	7894
Phonetic component	利	利
Rime group	脂	脂
Rime subdivision	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	黎	棃
Old Chinese	/*riːl/	/*ril/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 犁

1. plough

Compounds

References

• “Entry #7596”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.

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Japanese

Kanji

犁

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• On (unclassified): り (ri), れい (rei)
• Kun: すき (suki)

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Korean

Hanja

犁 • (ri>i) (hangeul 리>이, revised ri>i, McCune–Reischauer ri>i, Yale li>i)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.