稽

See also: 乩

Translingual

Han character

稽 (Kangxi radical 115, 禾+10, 15 strokes, cangjie input 竹木戈山日 (HDIUA), four-corner 2396₁, composition ⿰禾⿱尤旨)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 858, character 1
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 25218
• Dae Jaweon: page 1283, character 11
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2622, character 8
• Unihan data for U+7A3D

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Chinese

trad.		稽
simp. #		稽
alternative forms		乩

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 稽
Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (旨) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
稽	*kiː, *kʰiːʔ
詣	*ŋɡiːs
栺	*ŋɡiːs, *kji
榰	*klje
脂	*kji
鴲	*kji, *kjis
指	*kjiʔ
旨	*kjiʔ
恉	*kjiʔ
嗜	*ɡjis
蓍	*qʰlji
鰭	*ɡri
耆	*ɡri
鮨	*ɡri
鬐	*ɡri

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jī (ji¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): kai¹ / kai²
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): ke / khe / khoe / khé

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jī
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: ji
    • Wade–Giles: chi¹
    • Yale: jī
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ji
    • Palladius: цзи (czi)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: kai¹ / kai²
    • Yale: kāi / kái
    • Cantonese Pinyin: kai¹ / kai²
    • Guangdong Romanization: kei¹ / kei²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɐi̯⁵⁵/, /kʰɐi̯³⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ke
    • Tâi-lô: ke
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kef
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /ke⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ke³³/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khe
    • Tâi-lô: khe
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qef
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kʰe⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰe³³/
  • (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khoe
    • Tâi-lô: khue
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qoef
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kʰue⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khé
    • Tâi-lô: khé
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qea
    • IPA (Taipei): /kʰe⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰe⁴¹/

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• Middle Chinese: kej, khejX

Rime
Character	稽	稽
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	齊 (39)	齊 (39)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	IV	IV
Fanqie	古奚切	康禮切
Baxter	kej	khejX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kei/	/kʰeiX/
Pan Wuyun	/kei/	/kʰeiX/
Shao Rongfen	/kɛi/	/kʰɛiX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kɛj/	/kʰɛjX/
Li Rong	/kei/	/kʰeiX/
Wang Li	/kiei/	/kʰieiX/
Bernard Karlgren	/kiei/	/kʰieiX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jī	qǐ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gai1	hai2

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*kˤij/, /*[kʰ]ˤijʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kiː/, /*kʰiːʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	稽	稽	稽	稽
Reading #	1/4	2/4	3/4	4/4
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jī	jī	jī	qǐ
Middle Chinese	‹ kej ›	‹ kej ›	‹ kej ›	‹ khejX ›
Old Chinese	/*kˁij/	/*kˁij/	/*kˁij/	/*[kʰ]ˁijʔ/
English	accord with	cultivate (field)	calculate	bow the head to the ground
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	稽	稽
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	17317	17318
Phonetic component	旨	旨
Rime group	脂	脂
Rime subdivision	2	2
Corresponding MC rime	雞	啓
Old Chinese	/*kiː/	/*kʰiːʔ/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 稽

1. examine, investigate, check
2. delay, procrastinate
3. recriminate, argue, dispute

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): qǐ (qi³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): kai²

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: qǐ
    • Zhuyin: ㄑㄧˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: cǐ
    • Wade–Giles: chʻi³
    • Yale: chǐ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chii
    • Palladius: ци (ci)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: kai²
    • Yale: kái
    • Cantonese Pinyin: kai²
    • Guangdong Romanization: kei²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɐi̯³⁵/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 稽

1. kowtow, bow to the ground

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Japanese

Kanji

稽

(Jōyō kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• Go-on: け (ke)
• Kan-on: けい (kei, Jōyō)
• Kun: とどめる (todomeru, 稽める); かんがえる (kangaeru, 稽える)

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Korean

Hanja

稽 • (gye) (hangeul 계, revised gye, McCune–Reischauer kye, Yale kyey)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 稽 (kê, ghê, ghe, khẻ, khẽ, khể)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.